隨著石油、天然氣、鍋爐、建筑等行業的不斷發展，在使用條件、節能降耗、產品性能等方面對不銹鋼管提出了越來越高的要求。在常規熱軋不銹鋼管生產過程中，管坯成型歷經高溫穿孔、軋制以及定徑等工藝。產品受到圓形中空斷面形狀及生產工藝制約，缺乏更為有效的組織和性能調控手段，導致其性能提升僅能依靠添加合金元素及后續離線熱處理工序，給高品質不銹鋼管材開發以及生產成本、制造效率和能源消耗控制等帶來諸多不利影響。

  控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻工(gong)(gong)藝（控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)，TMCP）可綜(zong)合(he)利用(yong)細晶強(qiang)化、析出強(qiang)化和(he)相變強(qiang)化等強(qiang)化機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是有效在(zai)線(xian)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)組織(zhi)、顯著提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)材(cai)料(liao)性能的(de)重(zhong)要手段。經(jing)三十(shi)余年快速發展(zhan)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)已廣泛應用(yong)于熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶鋼(gang)(gang)、型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)、棒線(xian)材(cai)等領(ling)域。然而，熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)有別于熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)板帶鋼(gang)(gang)等鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)門類，不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變形(xing)和(he)成型(xing)后的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻工(gong)(gong)藝與常規控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)工(gong)(gong)藝示(shi)意圖如圖6-63所示(shi)。熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)高溫穿軋(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝條件使(shi)得控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用(yong)受(shou)到極大限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，環形(xing)斷(duan)面(mian)的(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)特點使(shi)得控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻技(ji)術(shu)的(de)開發難(nan)度很(hen)大，嚴重(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約了基于控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)在(zai)線(xian)組織(zhi)性能調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)該領(ling)域的(de)應用(yong)和(he)發展(zhan)，熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)產(chan)品的(de)強(qiang)度、韌性和(he)焊接性等綜(zong)合(he)性能的(de)全面(mian)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)面(mian)臨瓶頸。因此，實(shi)現熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)成型(xing)和(he)成型(xing)過程(cheng)的(de)在(zai)線(xian)組織(zhi)性能調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，是熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)領(ling)域長期以來的(de)重(zhong)點攻關方向(xiang)之一。

  針對(dui)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)的(de)在(zai)線組織(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)調控(kong)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)技(ji)術，其(qi)(qi)相(xiang)關(guan)機(ji)理及核心(xin)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長期以來未(wei)取得有效(xiao)(xiao)突破(po)。首先，在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)面，由于(yu)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)在(zai)熱加工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)需要經(jing)歷復雜的(de)成型工(gong)序，為降低(di)變形抗力(li)以保(bao)證軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)序的(de)穩順(shun)進行(xing)，管(guan)坯的(de)加熱溫(wen)度往(wang)往(wang)較高(gao)，同時要在(zai)盡可能(neng)高(gao)的(de)溫(wen)度下連續完成穿孔及軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)，為此難(nan)以實現通過低(di)溫(wen)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)藝(yi)對(dui)奧氏體組織(zhi)狀(zhuang)態進行(xing)調控(kong)。其(qi)(qi)次，在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)方(fang)面，盡管(guan)鋼(gang)管(guan)形狀(zhuang)簡單，但特殊(shu)的(de)環形斷面特征使得其(qi)(qi)均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)(yun)化(hua)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顯著區別于(yu)板帶鋼(gang)及其(qi)(qi)他類型鋼(gang)材。例(li)如，沿不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)圓周方(fang)向均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)(yun)對(dui)稱的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)水布(bu)置(zhi)并不能(neng)使鋼(gang)管(guan)達到均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)(yun)化(hua)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)(xiao)果，這(zhe)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)然存在(zai)異于(yu)傳統理念(nian)的(de)環形斷面下的(de)均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)(yun)化(hua)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由于(yu)鋼(gang)管(guan)的(de)均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)(yun)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)機(ji)理及其(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法的(de)研究進展(zhan)有限，導(dao)致控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)組織(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)(yun)性(xing)以及冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)不均(jun)造成的(de)彎管(guan)事故無法有效(xiao)(xiao)解決，在(zai)較長時間制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約了(le)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)技(ji)術在(zai)熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)領域的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和應用(yong)。