銅(tong)(tong)合(he)金具(ju)有(you)(you)較高的強度和(he)塑性(xing)(xing)，具(ju)有(you)(you)高的彈性(xing)(xing)極限(xian)和(he)疲勞極限(xian)，同時還具(ju)有(you)(you)較好(hao)的耐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)、抗堿性(xing)(xing)及優良的減摩性(xing)(xing)和(he)耐磨性(xing)(xing)。銅(tong)(tong)又(you)分純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)（俗稱(cheng)紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)）、黃銅(tong)(tong)和(he)青銅(tong)(tong)等。
1. 純銅
純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)面呈紫紅(hong)色，有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)導電性(xing)、導熱性(xing)和耐大氣腐蝕性(xing)，熔點為1083℃。在(zai)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)工程中常(chang)用(yong)(yong)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制成(cheng)鋼管(guan)和法蘭墊片。因純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)硬度(du)(du)較低，退火后變得更柔軟，故常(chang)用(yong)(yong)作高壓管(guan)道(dao)(dao)中的(de)(de)(de)法蘭墊片。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)比鋼材好，故純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)空分設(she)備(bei)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)、冷凍管(guan)道(dao)(dao)和儀表管(guan)道(dao)(dao)。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)差，在(zai)120℃以下(xia)(xia)，容(rong)許抗拉(la)強(qiang)度(du)(du)為29.43MPa。溫(wen)度(du)(du)若再升高，其機械(xie)強(qiang)度(du)(du)則急劇下(xia)(xia)降，當(dang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)上升至(zhi)250℃時，其容(rong)許抗拉(la)強(qiang)度(du)(du)只相當(dang)于(yu)常(chang)溫(wen)時的(de)(de)(de)2／3，已不宜在(zai)壓力下(xia)(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牌號為T2、T3、T4，雜質含量(liang)T2最少，T4最多。
2. 黃(huang)銅(tong)(H)(brass)(H）
黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)和(he)鋅的(de)(de)合金，其(qi)機械強度(du)高，有(you)較好(hao)的(de)(de)耐腐蝕性和(he)澆鑄(zhu)性，可用(yong)來制作管(guan)(guan)子、管(guan)(guan)件(jian)和(he)閥門等。化工上(shang)常用(yong)的(de)(de)有(you)H80、H68、H62（“H”是黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)代號，后邊的(de)(de)數字表示合金中銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)平均含量）。H80比(bi)H68塑性好(hao)。作強度(du)計算時，在(zai)120℃以下(xia)，黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)容(rong)許抗拉強度(du)為29.43MPa。隨著溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升高，其(qi)強度(du)則(ze)急劇下(xia)降，當溫(wen)(wen)度(du)沒(mei)超過225℃時，黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)閥件(jian)可用(yong)在(zai)壓力不超過1.6MPa的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)道中。
3. 青(qing)銅（bronze）（Q）
青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)錫(xi)的合金，又(you)稱錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。由于錫(xi)的價格(ge)較(jiao)高，故制(zhi)造青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)也常(chang)用其他(ta)元(yuan)素代(dai)替(ti)，因而又(you)有無錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，如鋁青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、鉛青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、硅青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)等。青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)通常(chang)由澆鑄而成(cheng)，其強度、硬度及(ji)耐腐蝕性都比黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)好(hao)。青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)用于制(zhi)造蝸輪(lun)、齒(chi)輪(lun)、輪(lun)，以及(ji)管道工程中(zhong)的閥(fa)件(jian)和(he)管件(jian)等。
例如(ru)，制冷系統空調(diao)器用銅(tong)配(pei)管(guan)(guan)的(de)材料為(wei)磷脫氧(yang)(yang)無縫拉制銅(tong)管(guan)(guan)，牌(pai)號為(wei)TP2（GB／T 5231），供應狀態有M（軟）、Y（硬），材料標記(ji)方法(fa)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)TP2M，TP2Y。對應日(ri)本牌(pai)號分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)C1220T-OL，C1220-H。要求使用內(nei)表面無氧(yang)(yang)化的(de)光亮管(guan)(guan)。其(qi)直徑、壁厚可參照GB／T 1804。其(qi)化學成分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)析方法(fa)按GB／T 5121進行，性能可按GB／T 228、GB／T 242、GB／T 246。
