我國早期的管道建設主要采用的是不銹鋼無(wu)縫管,但口徑受到了限制。隨著焊管生產技術的發展和焊管質量的提高以及不(bu)銹鋼焊管的直徑可以做得更大,焊管很快就替代了不銹鋼無縫管,成為管道建設的主角。隨著管道建設向大型化、高輸送量發展,中大口徑的管道基本采用了焊管,90年代以來,我國油氣管道的主干線全部被焊管所壟斷,不銹鋼無縫管主要用于支線管、集輸管線、海底管線和城市的管網。
70-80年代成都無(wu)縫(feng)、包鋼等企業按《一般(ban)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼管》(YB 231-1970)和后來的《輸送流(liu)體用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼管》(GB/T 8163-1987)標(biao)準(zhun),生產流(liu)體輸送用(yong)(yong)管,主要牌(pai)號(hao):A3(A3F)、10、20、16Mn、Q235、Q295、Q345等,主要管徑:Φ159mm、ф219mm、φ273mm、Φ325mm、φ426mm、最大(da)管徑為Φ630mm。
從80年(nian)代(dai)開(kai)(kai)始(shi),我國(guo)開(kai)(kai)展了按API標(biao)準(zhun)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)研(yan)制(zhi)專用不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),為(wei)了適應這一發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)需要(yao),成都無(wu)縫(feng)廠(chang)從80年(nian)代(dai)末(mo)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)了按照API5L標(biao)準(zhun),開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)研(yan)制(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)A、B、X42~X52鋼(gang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。于(yu)1991年(nian)獲得了API 5L會(hui)標(biao)許(xu)可證,并于(yu)當年(nian)向泰國(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);1992年(nian)向臺(tai)灣地區(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口Φ245mm的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。90年(nian)代(dai)中后期(qi)又研(yan)制(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了X56、X60、X65鋼(gang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),并為(wei)勝(sheng)(sheng)利油(you)田(tian)批量供應X56級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);向伊(yi)拉克出(chu)(chu)(chu)口幾萬噸X60級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。天津(jin)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)司(si)250連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機組投產(chan)后不久就開(kai)(kai)始(shi)了管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)研(yan)制(zhi),1997年(nian)為(wei)渤海(hai)油(you)田(tian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)研(yan)制(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)X56級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)φ219.1×12.7mm海(hai)底管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);1998年(nian)為(wei)勝(sheng)(sheng)利油(you)田(tian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)X56鋼(gang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)ф114.3mm×10mm、ф273.1mm×12.7mm海(hai)底管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);1999-2000年(nian)為(wei)沙(sha)特阿美公(gong)司(si)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了4萬噸X60鋼(gang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)ф168.3mmx12.7mm、φ219.1mmx12.7mm、φ273.1mmx12.7mm等多個規格的(de)(de)海(hai)底管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);2000年(nian)后又開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)X65Q、X70Q、X80Q級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高強度管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),適合(he)海(hai)洋環(huan)境和抗腐蝕環(huan)境的(de)(de)X60QS、X65QS鋼(gang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),適合(he)低(di)溫環(huan)境的(de)(de)X60L、X65L管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。
2005年(nian)以(yi)后隨著國(guo)內幾條中(zhong)(zhong)大口(kou)(kou)徑的(de)連軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)建(jian)立,如(ru)衡(heng)陽鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、攀(pan)成(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)Φ340mm機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、寶鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、包(bao)(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)ф460mm機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),天(tian)淮(huai)的(de)φ508mm機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),以(yi)及天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)Φ720mm斜軋(ya)擴管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),衡(heng)陽鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)φ720mm周期式軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),使(shi)(shi)無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)直徑擴大到Φ711mm,其中(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)(bao)括ф323.9mm、ф406mm、Φ457mm、φ508mm、φ610mm等。2007年(nian)塔里木油(you)田迪那氣(qi)田,使(shi)(shi)用了天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)當時最大口(kou)(kou)徑的(de)ф457mmx17.5mm、X60Q鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)級(ji)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2008年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)海油(you)潿洲(zhou)項目使(shi)(shi)用了適(shi)合(he)海洋(yang)環境和抗(kang)腐蝕環境X60QS及X65QS鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)級(ji)Φ406.4mm的(de)無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)(chan)品。另外,天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)司2010年(nian)在(zai)國(guo)內首次開(kai)發了適(shi)合(he)深水作業的(de)盤管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)用無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),且產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)功出(chu)口(kou)(kou)到歐洲(zhou)。無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)開(kai)發極大地滿(man)足國(guo)內陸地、海洋(yang)油(you)氣(qi)田的(de)開(kai)發和建(jian)設(she),并大量(liang)(liang)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)到中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)、東(dong)南亞、非洲(zhou)、美洲(zhou)、歐洲(zhou)等地。近(jin)10年(nian)來,我(wo)國(guo)無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生產(chan)(chan)企業天(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、衡(heng)陽鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、寶鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、攀(pan)成(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、包(bao)(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等,每年(nian)都生產(chan)(chan)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)到國(guo)外,出(chu)口(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)150~227萬(wan)噸之間,占不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)的(de)42%~49.5%,鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)級(ji)從B級(ji)到X級(ji)(X42-X70及少量(liang)(liang)的(de)X80),品種包(bao)(bao)括海底管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、抗(kang)硫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等,見圖8-7和圖8-8。