20世紀50年代,成(cheng)都無(wu)縫(feng)廠和(he)包鋼無(wu)縫(feng)廠在建(jian)(jian)廠的(de)設計方(fang)案中(zhong),曾分別(bie)建(jian)(jian)設一個年產(chan)(chan)5萬(wan)(wan)個和(he)30萬(wan)(wan)個氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)瓶的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)車(che)間,成(cheng)都無(wu)縫(feng)廠的(de)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)瓶車(che)間建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)后,被建(jian)(jian)設單位自己留用(yong)了,包鋼無(wu)縫(feng)廠的(de)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)瓶車(che)間最終沒(mei)有建(jian)(jian)設。


  改革開放前后,這兩個廠相繼開始生產氣瓶管,主要的牌號是DZ40(原套管鋼牌號)、40Mn2,包鋼后來自己還開發了含有稀土成分鋼號40MnNbRe等。生產規格,成都無縫為φ(102~165)mm×(7~15)m冷拔/軋管,中(180~351)mm×(7~15)m)mm熱軋管,Φ(377~467)mm×(15~30)mmm熱擴管;包鋼無縫為ф219mmx7mm熱軋管。當時生產是按照國家勞動局65規定要求與用戶簽訂的技術協議。1985年我國制定并頒布了第一個氣瓶標準《鋼質無縫氣瓶》(GB 5099-1985),在此基礎上,兩個廠分別制定了氣瓶管企業標準“Q/CG 52-1988”“10-88”。這一階段由于當時的軋機裝備水平較低(采用頂管機組、皮爾格機組和自動軋管機組),且氣瓶管的壁厚薄、軋制的變形抗力較高,生產難度很大。如軋管機軋卡、壁厚超差、內外表面缺陷等,使產品的合格率、成材率低(成材率僅50%左右),產量也低。


  90年代初天津鋼管公司引進的Φ250限動芯棒連軋管機組的投產后,也開始了氣瓶管的開發和生產,由于連軋管機的工藝特點,使其在壁厚精度、表面質量、生產效率、成材率等方面遠高于其他機組,尤其是適于生產徑壁比較大的鋼管,所以其在氣瓶管的生產上具有較強的競爭優勢。盡管如此,連軋機組在初期開發氣瓶管時,仍遇到許多難題,如因不均勻變形而產生的拉裂、凹坑,壁厚超差,內表面因鐵耳子產生的劃傷和壓痕等,產品的合格率、成材率也較低(成材率僅75~80%)。這一時期氣瓶管的主要牌號為37Mn、34Mn2V,后來又發展了鉻鉬鋼如30CrMo、35CrMo、30CrMnSi等;規格主要有φ219mm×6.5mm、φ232mm×7.0mm、φ267mm×7.0mm等。90年代后期,為了提高氣瓶容重比,氣瓶管的壁厚進一步減薄為φ219mm×6.3mm、φ232mm×6.3mm、ф267mm×6.6mm,以及開發了φ229mm×7.5mm,φ273mm×7.5mm、8.0mm,φ279.4mm×7.5mm、7.8mm等規格。1998年我國制定并頒布了《汽車用壓縮天然氣鋼瓶》(GB 17258-1998)標準,這一標準發布為我國CNG氣瓶管的開發以及后來的纏繞氣瓶開發提供了依據。


  2000年我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制定(ding)并頒布了(le)(le)(le)(le)第(di)一(yi)個氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)標準《氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)用(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》(GB 18248-2000)。進入(ru)20世(shi)紀以(yi)來(lai),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求呈現出(chu)快速增(zeng)長。這一(yi)時期(qi)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行業(ye)(ye)一(yi)批企業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)現代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu),如包鋼(gang)φ180連軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)、衡陽(yang)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ340連軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)、成都無(wu)縫(feng)Φ340連軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)、天(tian)津鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ460連軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)等,這些(xie)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)投產(chan)使氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)能力和整(zheng)體質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)水(shui)平大(da)(da)幅(fu)度提升。從2000至2008年是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)行業(ye)(ye)和氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)最(zui)快、發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)最(zui)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期(qi),不(bu)僅產(chan)量(liang)(liang)快速增(zeng)長,品種發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也取得了(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破如纏繞氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)、拖(tuo)車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)等。這些(xie)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推出(chu)也給鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)企業(ye)(ye)提出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)挑戰。從2001年國(guo)(guo)(guo)內第(di)一(yi)只大(da)(da)容積(ji)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)瓶(ping)(ping)試制成功(gong)到(dao)2008年,國(guo)(guo)(guo)內大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要依賴進口(kou),國(guo)(guo)(guo)外制造(zao)廠(chang)商(shang)主要為意大(da)(da)利Dalmine工廠(chang)和美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)聯(lian)合鋼(gang)鐵(tie)公司。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)開(kai)發大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2007年天(tian)津鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、衡陽(yang)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分別建(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)φ720mm斜軋(ya)(ya)擴(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)和Φ720mm周期(qi)式軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu),開(kai)發出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)Φ559mm、φ610mm大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2010年又開(kai)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)ф711mm大(da)(da)直徑(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),近年來(lai)無(wu)錫德新鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采用(yong)擴(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)+冷拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝生產(chan)上述(shu)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),還(huan)開(kai)發了(le)(le)(le)(le)更大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)φ850mm氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。據不(bu)完全統計,至2016年,使用(yong)大(da)(da)直徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)長管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)已(yi)經突(tu)破一(yi)萬輛,其(qi)中90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)用(yong)于運輸壓縮天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)用(yong)于運輸高(gao)(gao)壓氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和氦(hai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。經過鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)廠(chang)和能源裝備企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)年努力和不(bu)斷創新,大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)車(che)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直徑(jing)(jing)從初期(qi)φ559mm發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)如今普遍使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)φ711mm,壁厚(hou)公差(cha)也由(you)27.5%提高(gao)(gao)到(dao)15%,產(chan)量(liang)(liang)和質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)均處于世(shi)界領先地位,不(bu)僅滿足(zu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內大(da)(da)容積(ji)無(wu)縫(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)需求,還(huan)實現了(le)(le)(le)(le)向歐美(mei)(mei)發達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)。


  目前我國氣瓶、蓄(xu)能器用(yong)管(guan)(guan)主要(yao)生(sheng)產企業(ye)(ye)有天津鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)、衡陽(yang)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)、包鋼(gang)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)、寶鋼(gang)條鋼(gang)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)部、鞍鋼(gang)無(wu)縫、江(jiang)蘇(su)振達鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)、江(jiang)蘇(su)誠德(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)及無(wu)錫德(de)新鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)等企業(ye)(ye)。



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