20世紀50年(nian)代(dai),成都(dou)無(wu)縫廠和包鋼無(wu)縫廠在(zai)建廠的(de)(de)設計方案中,曾分(fen)別建設一個年(nian)產5萬(wan)個和30萬(wan)個氧氣瓶(ping)的(de)(de)生產車(che)間,成都(dou)無(wu)縫廠的(de)(de)氧氣瓶(ping)車(che)間建成后,被建設單位自己留用了,包鋼無(wu)縫廠的(de)(de)氧氣瓶(ping)車(che)間最終沒有建設。
改革開放前后,這兩個廠相繼開始生產氣瓶管,主要的牌號是DZ40(原套管鋼牌號)、40Mn2,包鋼后來自己還開發了含有稀土成分鋼號40MnNbRe等。生產規格,成都無縫為φ(102~165)mm×(7~15)m冷拔/軋管,中(180~351)mm×(7~15)m)mm熱軋管,Φ(377~467)mm×(15~30)mmm熱擴管;包鋼無縫為ф219mmx7mm熱軋管。當時生產是按照國家勞動局65規定要求與用戶簽訂的技術協議。1985年我國制定并頒布了第一個氣瓶標準《鋼質無縫氣瓶》(GB 5099-1985),在此基礎上,兩個廠分別制定了氣瓶管企業標準“Q/CG 52-1988”“10-88”。這一階段由于當時的軋機裝備水平較低(采用頂管機組、皮爾格機組和自動軋管機組),且氣瓶管的壁厚薄、軋制的變形抗力較高,生產難度很大。如軋管機軋卡、壁厚超差、內外表面缺陷等,使產品的合格率、成材率低(成材率僅50%左右),產量也低。
90年代初天津鋼管公司引進的Φ250限動芯棒連軋管機組的投產后,也開始了氣瓶管的開發和生產,由于連軋管機的工藝特點,使其在壁厚精度、表面質量、生產效率、成材率等方面遠高于其他機組,尤其是適于生產徑壁比較大的鋼管,所以其在氣瓶管的生產上具有較強的競爭優勢。盡管如此,連軋機組在初期開發氣瓶管時,仍遇到許多難題,如因不均勻變形而產生的拉裂、凹坑,壁厚超差,內表面因鐵耳子產生的劃傷和壓痕等,產品的合格率、成材率也較低(成材率僅75~80%)。這一時期氣瓶管的主要牌號為37Mn、34Mn2V,后來又發展了鉻鉬鋼如30CrMo、35CrMo、30CrMnSi等;規格主要有φ219mm×6.5mm、φ232mm×7.0mm、φ267mm×7.0mm等。90年代后期,為了提高氣瓶容重比,氣瓶管的壁厚進一步減薄為φ219mm×6.3mm、φ232mm×6.3mm、ф267mm×6.6mm,以及開發了φ229mm×7.5mm,φ273mm×7.5mm、8.0mm,φ279.4mm×7.5mm、7.8mm等規格。1998年我國制定并頒布了《汽車用壓縮天然氣鋼瓶》(GB 17258-1998)標準,這一標準發布為我國CNG氣瓶管的開發以及后來的纏繞氣瓶開發提供了依據。
2000年(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)定并頒(ban)布了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第(di)一(yi)(yi)個氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)標(biao)準《氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》(GB 18248-2000)。進(jin)入20世紀以來,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)呈現出(chu)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)增長(chang)。這一(yi)(yi)時(shi)期(qi)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行業(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)批企業(ye)(ye)建設了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)現代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu),如包鋼(gang)(gang)φ180連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)、衡(heng)(heng)陽(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ340連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)、成都無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)Φ340連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)、天(tian)(tian)津鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ460連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)等,這些機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設投產使(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產能力和(he)整體(ti)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)水平大(da)幅度提(ti)升。從(cong)2000至2008年(nian)是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行業(ye)(ye)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展最快(kuai)(kuai)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展最好的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)期(qi),不(bu)(bu)僅產量(liang)(liang)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)增長(chang),品種(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展也(ye)(ye)取得了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破如纏繞氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、拖(tuo)(tuo)車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)等。這些產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)推出(chu)也(ye)(ye)給鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)企業(ye)(ye)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)挑戰。從(cong)2001年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)第(di)一(yi)(yi)只大(da)容(rong)積無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)試(shi)制(zhi)成功到2008年(nian),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)大(da)口徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要依(yi)賴進(jin)口,國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外制(zhi)造廠商主要為意大(da)利Dalmine工廠和(he)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聯合鋼(gang)(gang)鐵公司。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)大(da)口徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2007年(nian)天(tian)(tian)津鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、衡(heng)(heng)陽(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分別(bie)建設了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)φ720mm斜軋擴(kuo)(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)和(he)Φ720mm周期(qi)式(shi)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu),開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)Φ559mm、φ610mm大(da)口徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2010年(nian)又開(kai)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)ф711mm大(da)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)(tuo)車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),近年(nian)來無(wu)(wu)錫(xi)德新(xin)(xin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采用(yong)(yong)擴(kuo)(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)+冷(leng)拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝生(sheng)(sheng)產上(shang)述規(gui)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)口徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),還開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)更大(da)口徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)φ850mm氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。據(ju)不(bu)(bu)完全統(tong)計,至2016年(nian),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)大(da)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)(tuo)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)已經突(tu)破一(yi)(yi)萬輛(liang),其中90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)(tuo)車(che)用(yong)(yong)于運輸(shu)壓縮(suo)天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi),其余的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)(tuo)車(che)用(yong)(yong)于運輸(shu)高(gao)壓氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)氦氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。經過鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造廠和(he)能源裝備企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)年(nian)努力和(he)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin),大(da)口徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)(tuo)車(che)用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)從(cong)初期(qi)φ559mm發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展到如今普(pu)遍使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)φ711mm,壁厚公差(cha)也(ye)(ye)由27.5%提(ti)高(gao)到15%,產量(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)均處于世界領先(xian)地位,不(bu)(bu)僅滿足了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)大(da)容(rong)積無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產需求(qiu),還實現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)向歐美(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口。
目前(qian)我國氣瓶、蓄能器用(yong)管(guan)主(zhu)要生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業有天津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)、衡陽(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)、包(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)、寶鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)條鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)事業部、鞍鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫、江蘇(su)振達鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)、江蘇(su)誠德鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)及(ji)無錫(xi)德新鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)等企(qi)業。