20世紀50年(nian)代,成都(dou)無縫廠(chang)和包(bao)(bao)鋼無縫廠(chang)在(zai)建廠(chang)的設(she)計方案(an)中,曾分別建設(she)一個(ge)(ge)年(nian)產5萬個(ge)(ge)和30萬個(ge)(ge)氧(yang)氣瓶的生產車間,成都(dou)無縫廠(chang)的氧(yang)氣瓶車間建成后(hou),被建設(she)單位自(zi)己留用了,包(bao)(bao)鋼無縫廠(chang)的氧(yang)氣瓶車間最終沒有建設(she)。
改革開放前后,這兩個廠相繼開始生產氣瓶管,主要的牌號是DZ40(原套管鋼牌號)、40Mn2,包鋼后來自己還開發了含有稀土成分鋼號40MnNbRe等。生產規格,成都無縫為φ(102~165)mm×(7~15)m冷拔/軋管,中(180~351)mm×(7~15)m)mm熱軋管,Φ(377~467)mm×(15~30)mmm熱擴管;包鋼無縫為ф219mmx7mm熱軋管。當時生產是按照國家勞動局65規定要求與用戶簽訂的技術協議。1985年我國制定并頒布了第一個氣瓶標準《鋼質無縫氣瓶》(GB 5099-1985),在此基礎上,兩個廠分別制定了氣瓶管企業標準“Q/CG 52-1988”“10-88”。這一階段由于當時的軋機裝備水平較低(采用頂管機組、皮爾格機組和自動軋管機組),且氣瓶管的壁厚薄、軋制的變形抗力較高,生產難度很大。如軋管機軋卡、壁厚超差、內外表面缺陷等,使產品的合格率、成材率低(成材率僅50%左右),產量也低。
90年代初天津鋼管公司引進的Φ250限動芯棒連軋管機組的投產后,也開始了氣瓶管的開發和生產,由于連軋管機的工藝特點,使其在壁厚精度、表面質量、生產效率、成材率等方面遠高于其他機組,尤其是適于生產徑壁比較大的鋼管,所以其在氣瓶管的生產上具有較強的競爭優勢。盡管如此,連軋機組在初期開發氣瓶管時,仍遇到許多難題,如因不均勻變形而產生的拉裂、凹坑,壁厚超差,內表面因鐵耳子產生的劃傷和壓痕等,產品的合格率、成材率也較低(成材率僅75~80%)。這一時期氣瓶管的主要牌號為37Mn、34Mn2V,后來又發展了鉻鉬鋼如30CrMo、35CrMo、30CrMnSi等;規格主要有φ219mm×6.5mm、φ232mm×7.0mm、φ267mm×7.0mm等。90年代后期,為了提高氣瓶容重比,氣瓶管的壁厚進一步減薄為φ219mm×6.3mm、φ232mm×6.3mm、ф267mm×6.6mm,以及開發了φ229mm×7.5mm,φ273mm×7.5mm、8.0mm,φ279.4mm×7.5mm、7.8mm等規格。1998年我國制定并頒布了《汽車用壓縮天然氣鋼瓶》(GB 17258-1998)標準,這一標準發布為我國CNG氣瓶管的開發以及后來的纏繞氣瓶開發提供了依據。
2000年(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)制定(ding)并頒布了第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)《氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》(GB 18248-2000)。進入20世紀以(yi)來,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)民經(jing)濟的快(kuai)速發(fa)展,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的需求呈現(xian)出快(kuai)速增長(chang)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)期(qi)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行業(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)了現(xian)代化的連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),如包鋼(gang)(gang)φ180連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)、衡陽(yang)(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ340連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)、成都無(wu)縫Φ340連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)、天津(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ460連軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)等(deng),這(zhe)些(xie)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的建(jian)設(she)投(tou)產使(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的生產能力和(he)(he)整(zheng)體質量(liang)(liang)水平大(da)(da)幅度提升。從2000至2008年(nian)是我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)展最快(kuai)、發(fa)展最好的時(shi)期(qi),不僅(jin)產量(liang)(liang)快(kuai)速增長(chang),品種發(fa)展也(ye)取得了大(da)(da)的突破如纏繞(rao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、拖(tuo)車(che)(che)(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)。這(zhe)些(xie)產品的推出也(ye)給鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)提出了挑戰。從2001年(nian)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)只大(da)(da)容積無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)試制成功到(dao)2008年(nian),國(guo)(guo)內(nei)大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)依賴進口(kou),國(guo)(guo)外制造廠商(shang)主(zhu)要(yao)為意大(da)(da)利Dalmine工(gong)廠和(he)(he)美國(guo)(guo)聯合鋼(gang)(gang)鐵公(gong)司。為了開發(fa)大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2007年(nian)天津(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、衡陽(yang)(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分別建(jian)設(she)了φ720mm斜軋擴(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)Φ720mm周(zhou)期(qi)式軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu),開發(fa)出了Φ559mm、φ610mm大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2010年(nian)又(you)開出了ф711mm大(da)(da)直徑(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)車(che)(che)(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),近年(nian)來無(wu)錫(xi)德新鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)擴(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)+冷拔的工(gong)藝生產上述規格的大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),還(huan)開發(fa)了更大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)的φ850mm氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。據不完全統(tong)計,至2016年(nian),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)直徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)(che)(che)的數量(liang)(liang)已經(jing)突破一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬輛(liang),其中90%的長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)運(yun)輸(shu)壓縮天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),其余的長(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)運(yun)輸(shu)高(gao)壓氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)氦氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。經(jing)過鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制造廠和(he)(he)能源裝備企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的多年(nian)努力和(he)(he)不斷創新,大(da)(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)車(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的直徑(jing)(jing)從初(chu)期(qi)φ559mm發(fa)展到(dao)如今普遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的φ711mm,壁厚公(gong)差(cha)也(ye)由(you)27.5%提高(gao)到(dao)15%,產量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)質量(liang)(liang)均處于(yu)世界領先地(di)位,不僅(jin)滿(man)足了國(guo)(guo)內(nei)大(da)(da)容積無(wu)縫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的生產需求,還(huan)實現(xian)了向(xiang)歐美發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家的出口(kou)。
目前我國氣瓶、蓄(xu)能器(qi)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)主要生產企業(ye)有天(tian)津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、衡陽(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、包(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、寶(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)條鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)事業(ye)部(bu)、鞍(an)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無縫、江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)振達(da)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)誠德鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)及無錫(xi)德新鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等企業(ye)。

