20世紀50年代(dai),成(cheng)都無縫廠(chang)和包鋼無縫廠(chang)在建廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)設計方案(an)中,曾(ceng)分別建設一個(ge)年產5萬個(ge)和30萬個(ge)氧(yang)氣(qi)瓶的(de)(de)(de)生產車間,成(cheng)都無縫廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)瓶車間建成(cheng)后,被建設單位(wei)自己留用了(le),包鋼無縫廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)瓶車間最(zui)終沒(mei)有建設。
改革開放前后,這兩個廠相繼開始生產氣瓶管,主要的牌號是DZ40(原套管鋼牌號)、40Mn2,包鋼后來自己還開發了含有稀土成分鋼號40MnNbRe等。生產規格,成都無縫為φ(102~165)mm×(7~15)m冷拔/軋管,中(180~351)mm×(7~15)m)mm熱軋管,Φ(377~467)mm×(15~30)mmm熱擴管;包鋼無縫為ф219mmx7mm熱軋管。當時生產是按照國家勞動局65規定要求與用戶簽訂的技術協議。1985年我國制定并頒布了第一個氣瓶標準《鋼質無縫氣瓶》(GB 5099-1985),在此基礎上,兩個廠分別制定了氣瓶管企業標準“Q/CG 52-1988”“10-88”。這一階段由于當時的軋機裝備水平較低(采用頂管機組、皮爾格機組和自動軋管機組),且氣瓶管的壁厚薄、軋制的變形抗力較高,生產難度很大。如軋管機軋卡、壁厚超差、內外表面缺陷等,使產品的合格率、成材率低(成材率僅50%左右),產量也低。
90年代初天津鋼管公司引進的Φ250限動芯棒連軋管機組的投產后,也開始了氣瓶管的開發和生產,由于連軋管機的工藝特點,使其在壁厚精度、表面質量、生產效率、成材率等方面遠高于其他機組,尤其是適于生產徑壁比較大的鋼管,所以其在氣瓶管的生產上具有較強的競爭優勢。盡管如此,連軋機組在初期開發氣瓶管時,仍遇到許多難題,如因不均勻變形而產生的拉裂、凹坑,壁厚超差,內表面因鐵耳子產生的劃傷和壓痕等,產品的合格率、成材率也較低(成材率僅75~80%)。這一時期氣瓶管的主要牌號為37Mn、34Mn2V,后來又發展了鉻鉬鋼如30CrMo、35CrMo、30CrMnSi等;規格主要有φ219mm×6.5mm、φ232mm×7.0mm、φ267mm×7.0mm等。90年代后期,為了提高氣瓶容重比,氣瓶管的壁厚進一步減薄為φ219mm×6.3mm、φ232mm×6.3mm、ф267mm×6.6mm,以及開發了φ229mm×7.5mm,φ273mm×7.5mm、8.0mm,φ279.4mm×7.5mm、7.8mm等規格。1998年我國制定并頒布了《汽車用壓縮天然氣鋼瓶》(GB 17258-1998)標準,這一標準發布為我國CNG氣瓶管的開發以及后來的纏繞氣瓶開發提供了依據。
2000年(nian)(nian)我國(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)并(bing)頒布(bu)了(le)第(di)一個氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)標(biao)準《氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)用(yong)無縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》(GB 18248-2000)。進入20世紀(ji)以(yi)來(lai),我國(guo)國(guo)民(min)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求呈現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)快(kuai)速增長(chang)(chang)。這一時期(qi)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行業(ye)一批(pi)企業(ye)建設了(le)現(xian)(xian)代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組,如包鋼φ180連(lian)(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組、衡(heng)陽鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ340連(lian)(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組、成都無縫(feng)(feng)(feng)Φ340連(lian)(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組、天(tian)津(jin)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)Φ460連(lian)(lian)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組等(deng),這些機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設投產(chan)使(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)能力和(he)(he)(he)(he)整體質量(liang)水(shui)平大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度提升。從(cong)2000至(zhi)(zhi)2008年(nian)(nian)是我國(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)最快(kuai)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)最好的(de)(de)(de)(de)時期(qi),不(bu)僅產(chan)量(liang)快(kuai)速增長(chang)(chang),品(pin)種發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)也(ye)取(qu)得了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破如纏繞氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、拖(tuo)車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)。這些產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推出(chu)(chu)也(ye)給鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)企業(ye)提出(chu)(chu)了(le)挑戰(zhan)。從(cong)2001年(nian)(nian)國(guo)內(nei)第(di)一只大(da)(da)(da)(da)容積無縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)試制(zhi)(zhi)成功(gong)到(dao)2008年(nian)(nian),國(guo)內(nei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)依賴進口(kou)(kou),國(guo)外制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)廠商主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)意大(da)(da)(da)(da)利Dalmine工廠和(he)(he)(he)(he)美國(guo)聯合鋼鐵公(gong)司。為(wei)了(le)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)大(da)(da)(da)(da)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2007年(nian)(nian)天(tian)津(jin)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、衡(heng)陽鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分別建設了(le)φ720mm斜軋擴管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組和(he)(he)(he)(he)Φ720mm周期(qi)式軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組,開發(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)(chu)了(le)Φ559mm、φ610mm大(da)(da)(da)(da)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),2010年(nian)(nian)又開出(chu)(chu)了(le)ф711mm大(da)(da)(da)(da)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)車(che)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來(lai)無錫(xi)德新鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采(cai)用(yong)擴管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)+冷拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝生(sheng)產(chan)上述(shu)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),還開發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)更大(da)(da)(da)(da)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)φ850mm氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。據不(bu)完全統計,至(zhi)(zhi)2016年(nian)(nian),使(shi)用(yong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)長(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)已經突(tu)破一萬(wan)輛,其中90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)用(yong)于(yu)運(yun)輸壓縮(suo)天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),其余的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)拖(tuo)車(che)用(yong)于(yu)運(yun)輸高壓氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氦氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。經過鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)廠和(he)(he)(he)(he)能源裝備企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)努力和(he)(he)(he)(he)不(bu)斷創新,大(da)(da)(da)(da)口(kou)(kou)徑(jing)(jing)拖(tuo)車(che)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)從(cong)初期(qi)φ559mm發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)如今(jin)普遍使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)φ711mm,壁厚公(gong)差也(ye)由27.5%提高到(dao)15%,產(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)均處(chu)于(yu)世界(jie)領先地(di)位,不(bu)僅滿足了(le)國(guo)內(nei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)容積無縫(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)需求,還實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)向(xiang)歐(ou)美發(fa)(fa)(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)。
目(mu)前(qian)我國氣瓶、蓄(xu)能器用管(guan)主要生(sheng)產企業有(you)天津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)、衡(heng)陽鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)、包鋼(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)、寶鋼(gang)(gang)條(tiao)鋼(gang)(gang)事業部(bu)、鞍(an)鋼(gang)(gang)無縫、江蘇(su)振(zhen)達(da)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)、江蘇(su)誠德鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)及無錫德新鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)等(deng)企業。