海(hai)洋(yang)石油(you)、天然(ran)氣開發的(de)鉆(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)固定(ding)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩類。固定(ding)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又(you)分(fen)為(wei)導(dao)管(guan)架式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和混凝土重(zhong)力式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固定(ding)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于淺海(hai)區(qu)域(yu)。移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有自(zi)升式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半潛(qian)(qian)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)力腿式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和鉆(zhan)井(jing)船(chuan)等。自(zi)升式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于淺海(hai)區(qu)域(yu)，半潛(qian)(qian)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)力腿式(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于深海(hai)，可(ke)(ke)在3000m深海(hai)進(jin)行鉆(zhan)探(tan)。海(hai)洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)鋼(gang)材有鉆(zhan)井(jing)用(yong)的(de)石油(you)鉆(zhan)桿、防(fang)止油(you)井(jing)坍塌的(de)套管(guan)和鉆(zhan)井(jing)液鋼(gang)管(guan)等，平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本(ben)體使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)是高強度(du)鋼(gang)板。圖8-23是典(dian)型的(de)海(hai)洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在海(hai)洋(yang)不同水(shui)深中的(de)示意圖，表(biao)8-11是各類海(hai)洋(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)鋼(gang)量(liang)。

  我(wo)國在“十二五”期間，已具備1500m水(shui)深的開(kai)(kai)發能力(li)；“十三五”期間，已具備3000m水(shui)深的開(kai)(kai)發能力(li)。未來深水(shui)油氣勘探開(kai)(kai)發將成為重(zhong)點(dian)發展方向。而海底管(guan)(guan)線是(shi)海上(shang)油氣開(kai)(kai)發系統(tong)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)組成部分，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)油氣集輸管(guan)(guan)道和油氣外輸管(guan)(guan)道，一般采用無縫管(guan)(guan)、高頻直縫焊管(guan)(guan)、直縫埋(mai)弧焊管(guan)(guan)等(deng)。表8-12是(shi)海洋油氣開(kai)(kai)發使用鋼（管(guan)(guan)）材情況。

   目前，國(guo)內海(hai)洋(yang)鉆井平臺結(jie)(jie)構用(yong)(yong)管已經(jing)形成了系(xi)列，能夠為海(hai)洋(yang)工程提供高品質的(de)結(jie)(jie)構用(yong)(yong)管如鋼級(ji)為X80Q、X100Q樁柱用(yong)(yong)半弦(xian)管和支撐(cheng)管。表8-13是(shi)海(hai)洋(yang)平臺結(jie)(jie)構用(yong)(yong)鋼的(de)主要鋼級(ji)。