海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)石(shi)油(you)、天然(ran)氣開發(fa)的鉆(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩類(lei)。固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又分(fen)為(wei)導管架式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)混(hun)凝土重力式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固(gu)(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)于淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)區域。移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有自升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半潛(qian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)鉆(zhan)井(jing)船等。自升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適(shi)用(yong)于淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)區域，半潛(qian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張力腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)于深(shen)海(hai)(hai)(hai)，可(ke)在3000m深(shen)海(hai)(hai)(hai)進行鉆(zhan)探。海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使(shi)用(yong)的鋼(gang)材有鉆(zhan)井(jing)用(yong)的石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)桿、防止(zhi)油(you)井(jing)坍塌(ta)的套管和(he)(he)鉆(zhan)井(jing)液鋼(gang)管等，平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本體使(shi)用(yong)的是(shi)高強(qiang)度鋼(gang)板。圖8-23是(shi)典型的海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)不(bu)同(tong)水(shui)深(shen)中的示意圖，表8-11是(shi)各類(lei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)鋼(gang)量。

  我國在“十二(er)五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)，已具(ju)備(bei)1500m水(shui)深(shen)的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)能(neng)力(li)；“十三五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)，已具(ju)備(bei)3000m水(shui)深(shen)的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)能(neng)力(li)。未來深(shen)水(shui)油氣勘(kan)探(tan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)將(jiang)成(cheng)為重(zhong)點發(fa)展方(fang)向。而海底管(guan)線是海上油氣開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)系統的(de)主(zhu)要組成(cheng)部分(fen)，主(zhu)要包(bao)括油氣集輸(shu)管(guan)道和油氣外輸(shu)管(guan)道，一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無縫管(guan)、高頻(pin)直縫焊(han)管(guan)、直縫埋(mai)弧焊(han)管(guan)等。表(biao)8-12是海洋油氣開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)使用(yong)(yong)鋼（管(guan)）材情況(kuang)。

   目前，國內海(hai)洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井平臺(tai)結(jie)構用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)已經形成了系列，能夠為(wei)海(hai)洋(yang)工程提供(gong)高品質的結(jie)構用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)如鋼級為(wei)X80Q、X100Q樁(zhuang)柱用(yong)(yong)半弦管(guan)(guan)和支撐管(guan)(guan)。表8-13是海(hai)洋(yang)平臺(tai)結(jie)構用(yong)(yong)鋼的主要鋼級。