海洋石油、天然氣開發的鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可分為(wei)固定(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和移動式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩類。固定(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又分為(wei)導管架式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和混凝(ning)土(tu)重力(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固定(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)淺(qian)海區域。移動式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)自升式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半潛式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)腿式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)船等。自升式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)淺(qian)海區域，半潛式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)腿式(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)深(shen)海，可在3000m深(shen)海進行鉆(zhan)探。海洋鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的鋼(gang)材有(you)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的石油鉆(zhan)桿(gan)、防止油井(jing)(jing)(jing)坍塌的套管和鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)液鋼(gang)管等，平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本(ben)體使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的是高強度鋼(gang)板。圖(tu)8-23是典(dian)型的海洋鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在海洋不(bu)同(tong)水(shui)深(shen)中的示意圖(tu)，表8-11是各(ge)類海洋平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)量。

  我國在“十(shi)二五”期(qi)(qi)間(jian)，已(yi)具備(bei)1500m水深的開(kai)發能力；“十(shi)三五”期(qi)(qi)間(jian)，已(yi)具備(bei)3000m水深的開(kai)發能力。未來深水油(you)氣勘探開(kai)發將成為重點發展方向。而海底管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線是海上(shang)油(you)氣開(kai)發系(xi)統(tong)的主(zhu)要組成部分(fen)，主(zhu)要包括油(you)氣集輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道和(he)油(you)氣外輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道，一(yi)般采用無縫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、高(gao)頻直(zhi)縫焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、直(zhi)縫埋弧焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。表8-12是海洋油(you)氣開(kai)發使用鋼（管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)）材(cai)情況。

   目前(qian)，國內(nei)海(hai)洋鉆井平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)結(jie)構(gou)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)已(yi)經形成了系列，能(neng)夠為海(hai)洋工程提(ti)供高(gao)品(pin)質的(de)結(jie)構(gou)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)如鋼(gang)級為X80Q、X100Q樁(zhuang)柱用(yong)半(ban)弦管(guan)(guan)和支撐管(guan)(guan)。表8-13是海(hai)洋平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)結(jie)構(gou)用(yong)鋼(gang)的(de)主要鋼(gang)級。