有(you)的管道(dao)(dao)設計(ji)人員因不清楚(chu)靜(jing)(jing)電接(jie)地(di)(di)范(fan)(fan)圍而引起設計(ji)事故,因此著重講述(shu)。我國(guo)管道(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)電接(jie)地(di)(di)和(he)(he)跨接(jie)相(xiang)關標準規(gui)范(fan)(fan)有(you)GB12158《防止靜(jing)(jing)電事故通(tong)用導則》、HG/T 20675《化(hua)工(gong)企業(ye)(ye)靜(jing)(jing)電接(jie)地(di)(di)設計(ji)規(gui)程》、SH/T 3097《石油化(hua)工(gong)靜(jing)(jing)電接(jie)地(di)(di)設計(ji)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》等(deng)(deng),GB 50235《工(gong)業(ye)(ye)金屬管道(dao)(dao)工(gong)程施工(gong)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》等(deng)(deng)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)也(ye)有(you)專門的章節對(dui)管道(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)電接(jie)地(di)(di)實施作出規(gui)定(ding)。ASME、PIP等(deng)(deng)國(guo)外標準規(gui)范(fan)(fan)也(ye)有(you)具體規(gui)定(ding),國(guo)內外一(yi)些大型(xing)公(gong)司和(he)(he)工(gong)程建設單位,對(dui)管道(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)電接(jie)地(di)(di)設計(ji)有(you)企業(ye)(ye)級的規(gui)定(ding)。
①. 位(wei)于爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)和(he)火災(zai)危險區(qu)(qu)(qu)內的管道(dao)應進行(xing)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)接地。在爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)和(he)火災(zai)危險區(qu)(qu)(qu)內,可(ke)能存在可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)氣體和(he)可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)粉(fen)塵(chen)積(ji)聚(ju),如果產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua),可(ke)能引起火災(zai)或(huo)(huo)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)事(shi)故。為了防止在電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設施(shi)使用過(guo)程中產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua),引燃(ran)(ran)或(huo)(huo)引爆(bao)(bao)可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)氣體或(huo)(huo)可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)粉(fen)塵(chen),爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)和(he)火災(zai)危險區(qu)(qu)(qu)內的強、弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)均(jun)需要選用防爆(bao)(bao)型(xing)。
②. 氧(yang)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)道應進(jin)行靜電接地。氧(yang)氣(qi)是一(yi)種特殊的介質(zhi),其本身不(bu)燃燒(shao),卻是強氧(yang)化劑,在純(chun)氧(yang)的環境中(zhong),鋼管(guan)(guan)會被點燃。因此雖(sui)然氧(yang)氣(qi)不(bu)屬(shu)于可燃介質(zhi),但(dan)純(chun)氧(yang)管(guan)(guan)道必(bi)須良好接地。
③. 氣固管道應(ying)進行靜(jing)電(dian)接地。氣固管道在運行過(guo)程中會產生大(da)(da)量(liang)靜(jing)電(dian),必須保證管道良(liang)好接地,防止大(da)(da)量(liang)靜(jing)電(dian)集聚。
④. 平(ping)行敷(fu)設的管道,凈距小于100mm時(shi),應每隔20m,設置靜電(dian)跨(kua)接。近(jin)距離平(ping)行敷(fu)設的管廊,為保證兩根管道等(deng)電(dian)位,需要每隔20m設置跨(kua)接。
⑤. 管道進(jin)出裝(zhuang)置(zhi)界(jie)區處應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)靜電(dian)接地,防止界(jie)外管道和裝(zhuang)置(zhi)內管道間電(dian)荷(he)的相(xiang)互轉移。