工業管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，是由(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支吊(diao)(diao)架(jia)等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，用(yong)以(yi)輸(shu)送(song)、分配、混合、分離、排放、計量或控制流(liu)體流(liu)動。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)用(yong)于連(lian)接(jie)或裝(zhuang)配成(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的元件(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)、法蘭、墊片(pian)、緊固(gu)件(jian)、閥門(men)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊(shu)件(jian)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊(shu)件(jian)指非(fei)普通標(biao)準組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)，系按工程設(she)計條件(jian)特(te)殊(shu)制造(zao)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)膨脹節、補(bu)償器、特(te)殊(shu)閥門(men)、爆炸片(pian)、阻(zu)火(huo)器、過濾器、撓性(xing)接(jie)頭及(ji)(ji)軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)支吊(diao)(diao)架(jia)，用(yong)于支承管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)或約束管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位移(yi)的各種結(jie)(jie)構的總稱，但不(bu)包(bao)括(kuo)土建(jian)結(jie)(jie)構。管(guan)(guan)(guan)子只是管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的一部分，當管(guan)(guan)(guan)子與管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)、閥門(men)和其他機械設(she)備連(lian)接(jie)，并由(you)支吊(diao)(diao)架(jia)支承時，才被稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)(gong)業管道(dao)(dao)器材是整個(ge)管道(dao)(dao)設計過程(cheng)的基礎部(bu)分，它直接(jie)影響到管道(dao)(dao)系統乃至整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)業裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的安全性(xing)、可靠(kao)性(xing)和經濟性(xing)。工(gong)(gong)業管道(dao)(dao)器材在(zai)石油、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、石油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、電力、輕紡(fang)、船(chuan)舶、制(zhi)藥等工(gong)(gong)業部(bu)門的管道(dao)(dao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中(zhong)所(suo)占(zhan)比例(li)很大。在(zai)石油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)生產裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中(zhong)，管道(dao)(dao)材料中(zhong)各主要項目費(fei)用所(suo)占(zhan)比例(li)如(ru)圖16.1所(suo)示。

工(gong)業管道常(chang)用材料(liao)分(fen)類見表(biao)16.2。