工(gong)(gong)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)架等組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，用以(yi)輸送(song)、分配(pei)、混合(he)、分離、排放、計(ji)量或控制流體(ti)流動。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)用于連接或裝配(pei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)元件(jian)(jian)，包括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、法蘭(lan)、墊片、緊固(gu)件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門(men)以(yi)及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)指非(fei)普通標(biao)準(zhun)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，系按工(gong)(gong)程設計(ji)條件(jian)(jian)特(te)殊制造的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，包括(kuo)膨脹(zhang)節(jie)、補償器、特(te)殊閥(fa)門(men)、爆炸片、阻(zu)火器、過濾器、撓性接頭及軟管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)架，用于支(zhi)(zhi)承管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)或約(yue)束管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)移的(de)各種結構(gou)的(de)總(zong)稱，但不(bu)包括(kuo)土建結構(gou)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)子只(zhi)是管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)一部分，當管(guan)(guan)(guan)子與管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門(men)和其他機械(xie)設備(bei)連接，并由支(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)架支(zhi)(zhi)承時(shi)，才被稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)業(ye)管道(dao)器材(cai)是整個管道(dao)設計過(guo)程(cheng)的基礎部(bu)分，它直接影響到管道(dao)系統乃至整個工(gong)業(ye)裝置(zhi)的安全性、可靠性和經(jing)濟性。工(gong)業(ye)管道(dao)器材(cai)在(zai)石(shi)油(you)(you)、化(hua)工(gong)、石(shi)油(you)(you)化(hua)工(gong)、電(dian)力、輕紡(fang)、船舶(bo)、制(zhi)藥等工(gong)業(ye)部(bu)門的管道(dao)裝置(zhi)中所(suo)占比例很大。在(zai)石(shi)油(you)(you)化(hua)工(gong)生產裝置(zhi)中，管道(dao)材(cai)料(liao)中各主(zhu)要項目(mu)費用所(suo)占比例如圖16.1所(suo)示。

工業(ye)管道常(chang)用(yong)材料分(fen)類(lei)見表(biao)16.2。