頂壓粘(zhan)接法的基(ji)本原理是：在(zai)大(da)于泄(xie)漏介質壓力的人為外(wai)力作(zuo)用下，首先迫使泄(xie)漏止住，再利用膠黏劑的特性對泄(xie)漏部位進行粘(zhan)接，待膠黏劑固化后，撤(che)出(chu)外(wai)力，達到重新密封(feng)的目的。頂壓粘(zhan)接法的關鍵是頂壓工(gong)具。


1. 管道法蘭泄漏頂壓工(gong)具及操(cao)作(zuo)方法


當香蕉視頻app連接:不銹鋼法蘭發生點狀泄漏時，采用頂壓粘接法處理過程如下。首先把法蘭頂壓工具固定在泄漏法蘭上，準備好一段石棉盤根，將這段石棉盤根在事先調配好的環氧樹脂膠液中浸透一下，如果泄漏介質能使環氧樹脂溶解，則選擇其他不被泄漏介質所溶解的膠黏劑膠液或修補劑，正對著泄漏處將這段浸膠盤根壓入不銹鋼法蘭連接間隙內（當泄漏量較大或泄漏介質有較強的溶解性、腐蝕性，盤根難以放入時，可以改用鉛條），用錘子將浸膠盤根打入法蘭間隙內，迅速將頂塊4裝好，如圖6-29所示，然后把頂壓螺桿3對準頂塊4的定位圓孔，旋轉頂壓螺桿3,這時通過頂壓螺桿3及頂塊4,就會把浸膠石棉盤根緊緊地壓到泄漏點處，迫使泄漏停止。泄漏一旦止住，就可以對泄漏法蘭按粘接技術的要求進行必要的處理，主要是清除影響粘接效果的油污、疏松的鐵銹及進行脫脂處理，再用事先配制好的膠黏劑膠泥填塞滿頂塊4的周圍，待膠黏劑膠泥完全固化后，撤除頂壓工具。法蘭泄漏的頂壓工具有多種形式。圖6-30所示為雙螺桿定位緊固式，前端有一圓形鋼塊，當螺桿旋轉時，它只做軸向移動而無轉動，這樣它就能很好地把頂壓工具固定在泄漏法蘭上，用兩個這樣的螺桿可以調整頂壓螺桿3的位置，使它能準確地對正泄漏法蘭的間隙處，頂壓螺桿 3 主要作用是把螺旋力通過頂壓塊5及浸膠石棉盤根轉化為止住泄漏的外力，迫使泄漏停止。


圖 29.jpg


 2. 管(guan)道泄漏頂壓工具及操作(zuo)方法


 ①. U形管道頂壓(ya)工具 


  這種頂壓工具如圖6-31所示。它主要由三大部分組成：U形螺栓、支承板、頂壓螺桿。現場操作時，首先將U形頂壓工具安裝在無泄漏的香蕉視頻app連接:不銹鋼管段上，調整好各部位置，然后向泄漏點方向移動，并使頂壓螺桿的軸線對準泄漏缺陷，迅速旋轉頂壓螺桿，使其前端的鋁鉚釘牢牢地壓在泄漏點上，迫使泄漏停止。泄漏一旦止住，既可處理需要粘接的金屬部位，并用事先配制好的膠黏劑膠泥把鋁鉚釘或軟性填料粘于泄漏部位上，待膠黏劑充分固化后，就可以拆除頂壓工具，鋸掉長出的鋁鉚釘，完成作業。


圖 31.jpg


 ②. 粘接式頂壓工具 


  這(zhe)種頂(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)具必(bi)須先采用(yong)快速固化的(de)膠(jiao)黏劑將其(qi)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)在(zai)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)缺陷上，然后消除泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)。它的(de)基(ji)本形式如圖6-32所示，由支(zhi)承架(jia)及(ji)頂(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺桿(gan)(gan)組成。帶(dai)壓(ya)(ya)修補作(zuo)業前，首先把泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)周圍，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)固定頂(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)具的(de)位置，按粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)技術(shu)的(de)要求(qiu)認真處理好，然后觀察頂(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)具的(de)兩個(ge)支(zhi)腳與泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)部位的(de)吻合情(qing)況。如果兩者間隙(xi)相差太大(da)，則應(ying)調整一下，同時使頂(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)螺桿(gan)(gan)的(de)軸線通過(guo)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)缺陷的(de)中(zhong)心，并在(zai)腳上做標記，這(zhe)時就可以粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)固定頂(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)具了(le)。頂(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)具在(zai)不銹鋼管道上的(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)形式有兩種，一種是(shi)軸向(xiang)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)式，另一種是(shi)環向(xiang)粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)式。


 ③. 三通焊道(dao)專(zhuan)用頂壓(ya)工(gong)具 


  三通焊道專用(yong)頂壓(ya)(ya)工具基本(ben)結構如圖(tu)6-33所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。它由固定部分(fen)及(ji)頂壓(ya)(ya)螺(luo)(luo)桿兩(liang)部分(fen)組(zu)成、作(zuo)業時(shi)，根據泄漏量的(de)大小，選擇(ze)好頂壓(ya)(ya)螺(luo)(luo)桿、然后把(ba)兩(liang)半的(de)鐵箍螺(luo)(luo)栓連接固定在(zai)泄漏法蘭上、通過扳(ban)動手柄(bing)，使頂壓(ya)(ya)螺(luo)(luo)桿的(de)軸線正好通過泄漏缺陷的(de)中心(xin)，然后把(ba)連接螺(luo)(luo)栓擰禁，如圖(tu)6-34所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。對(dui)于間斷性(xing)(xing)泄漏或連續滴狀泄漏，應配(pei)合(he)軟性(xing)(xing)填料進(jin)行帶(dai)壓(ya)(ya)密(mi)封作(zuo)業：對(dui)于噴射狀泄漏，則應配(pei)合(he)鋁鉚釘進(jin)行帶(dai)壓(ya)(ya)密(mi)封作(zuo)業。


圖 33.jpg


 ④. 多功(gong)能頂壓(ya)工具 


 多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)根據(ju)常見泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，綜(zong)合各類(lei)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點而(er)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)小巧玲瓏、通(tong)(tong)用性強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶壓(ya)(ya)(ya)修補(bu)作業專用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)。圖6-35所示是(shi)(shi)(shi)這種(zhong)(zhong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)不銹鋼(gang)(gang)法蘭上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，圖6-36所示是(shi)(shi)(shi)這種(zhong)(zhong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)道上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從圖中可以(yi)看出(chu)，多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)曲四大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)止漏(lou)(lou)(lou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，包括鋁鉚釘(ding)(ding)1、頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)桿2、定位(wei)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)桿4、轉(zhuan)向塊(kuai)5、內(nei)六角螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)桿6、螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)釘(ding)(ding)7、換向接頭8、轉(zhuan)向頭9.第(di)二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)，前(qian)(qian)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上端可以(yi)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)換向接頭，也(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)直(zhi)接安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)轉(zhuan)向9,轉(zhuan)向頭也(ye)(ye)(ye)可直(zhi)接按要求安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)旁邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)內(nei)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)把(ba)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)釘(ding)(ding)3拆下，擰入它(ta)(ta)(ta)下端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋孔(kong)內(nei)起固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定作用，前(qian)(qian)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)及(ji)后(hou)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)，使(shi)(shi)整套(tao)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定在(zai)(zai)泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)管(guan)(guan)道上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構件。它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上端可以(yi)攀(pan)纏鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定在(zai)(zai)泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)法蘭上，并(bing)(bing)(bing)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)六角螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)釘(ding)(ding)11、緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)桿15使(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)連為一(yi)(yi)體。第(di)三部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)整套(tao)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定在(zai)(zai)泄握部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)上，它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上端有兩個(ge)7mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)孔(kong)，用于穿過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)擰緊(jin)(jin)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)釘(ding)(ding)12使(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)上，前(qian)(qian)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為一(yi)(yi)個(ge)17mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓孔(kong)，緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)桿15從此孔(kong)穿過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)可通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)旋轉(zhuan)緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)母(mu)14,起到(dao)收緊(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。同理，在(zai)(zai)處理法蘭泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)時，多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)母(mu)14使(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定在(zai)(zai)法蘭上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格為M16.第(di)四部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑為95mm,它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)(qian)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)和后(hou)卡(ka)腳(jiao)(jiao)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)擰緊(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)母(mu)14而(er)使(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定在(zai)(zai)泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)管(guan)(guan)道上，鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)隨泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑而(er)變。歸(gui)納起來，多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點如下。


圖 35.jpg


  a. 利用鋼絲繩可將頂壓工具安裝在任何直徑的泄漏管道(dao)上，通用性(xing)強。


  b. 多功(gong)能頂壓工具有三個旋轉機構(gou)，可以全方(fang)(fang)位(wei)回轉，使用(yong)方(fang)(fang)便。


  c. 可(ke)以對(dui)法蘭焊(han)(han)縫、三通焊(han)(han)縫及管道面(mian)上(shang)任(ren)意方向(xiang)的焊(han)(han)縫泄漏(lou)進(jin)行帶(dai)壓密封作(zuo)業，頂壓螺桿端部采用軟性填(tian)料，還(huan)可(ke)以處(chu)理各種較(jiao)大(da)的裂紋。


  d. 頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓螺桿可以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)配合鋁(lv)鉚(liu)釘使用(yong)(yong)的(de)，也可以(yi)換成尖頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)，配合頂(ding)(ding)(ding)壓塊(kuai)及軟性填料(liao)、軟金屬(shu)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)，可以(yi)分別(bie)處理連續(xu)滴狀(zhuang)泄漏和(he)噴射(she)狀(zhuang)泄漏。


  e. 利用鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)、主桿、頂壓螺桿還可以處理管道法蘭墊(dian)片發生的泄漏(lou)。


  f. 鋼絲繩、主(zhu)桿和頂壓螺桿實際上就是一副(fu)任意(yi)大小(xiao)的管道頂壓工具。