填料室的修理,包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。香蕉視頻app連接:閥門填料應定期更換,小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內,上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的,也可采用圓形的,壓入前應預先切成圈,接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質,一般說來,油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品,橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品,石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下,尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳,高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根,強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。


  壓緊填料室(shi)(shi)的(de)壓蓋時,應使壓蓋螺(luo)栓同(tong)時、對稱(cheng)地(di)上緊,不要傾斜,并應留有(you)供壓緊用的(de)間(jian)隙(xi),如圖4-64所(suo)示。其間(jian)隙(xi)量為:公稱(cheng)尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以下的(de)閥門(men)為20mm;公稱(cheng)尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以上的(de)閥門(men)為30~40mm.壓蓋壓入填料室(shi)(shi)的(de)深(shen)度(du)h不能(neng)小于填料室(shi)(shi)高度(du)的(de)10%,也不能(neng)大于20%.


  壓緊填料時(shi),應同時(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動閥(fa)桿,以保(bao)(bao)持四周均勻(yun),并(bing)防止壓得(de)太死。加填料除應保(bao)(bao)證密封良好外,尚(shang)應保(bao)(bao)證閥(fa)桿轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動靈活。閥(fa)門的(de)填料室如(ru)在(zai)工(gong)作時(shi)有輕微泄(xie)漏(lou),可(ke)將閥(fa)門關閉(bi),再(zai)緊一緊填料壓蓋;如(ru)泄(xie)漏(lou)嚴(yan)重,則應將填料全(quan)部更(geng)換。


圖 64.jpg

  填料的切制方法有手工。工具和機械切制三種(zhong)。


1. 手工切(qie)制


   目前常用一(yi)根(gen)盤根(gen)填料(liao)作試樣進行單(dan)根(gen)切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi),這樣會使填料(liao)的(de)長度(du)(du)或角(jiao)度(du)(du)不同。填料(liao)的(de)手工切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)如圖4-65所示,先備(bei)一(yi)根(gen)與閥桿(gan)直(zhi)徑相等(deng)的(de)木(mu)(mu)棒,將盤根(gen)緊緊纏繞(rao)在木(mu)(mu)棒上,切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)為30°或45°,切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)刀刃應薄而(er)鋒利,也可用細齒(chi)鋸條鋸割,用此方法(fa)切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)盤根(gen),其(qi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)長度(du)(du)均(jun)能一(yi)致(zhi),精(jing)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)質量都較好(hao)。該方法(fa)的(de)不足之處是(shi)需(xu)(xu)要專用木(mu)(mu)棒,切(qie)割線為弧形,切(qie)割不方便,切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)不當時(shi),纏繞(rao)在木(mu)(mu)棒上的(de)盤根(gen)容易(yi)松(song)散。最好(hao)采用小鐵釘固定,切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),需(xu)(xu)一(yi)起割斷(duan)。


2. 工具(ju)切制


   切盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)工(gong)具如圖4-66所示。該(gai)工(gong)具結(jie)構(gou)簡單(dan),攜帶方便(bian),切制(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)和長(chang)度(du)(du)準確,無切口毛頭或盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)松散變形(xing)(xing)等缺陷,制(zhi)作(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)高。切盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)工(gong)具上(shang)的游(you)標(biao)(biao)尺上(shang)有(you)刻度(du)(du),每格刻度(du)(du)值為3.14mm,作(zuo)測量(liang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)長(chang)度(du)(du)用(yong)。游(you)標(biao)(biao)可在(zai)標(biao)(biao)尺上(shang)滑(hua)動,上(shang)面有(you)45°或30°的凹(ao)角(jiao),其頂點正好在(zai)看(kan)窗刻度(du)(du)上(shang),看(kan)窗是對刻度(du)(du)用(yong)的,游(you)標(biao)(biao)上(shang)的緊固螺釘作(zuo)固定游(you)標(biao)(biao)用(yong)。游(you)標(biao)(biao)尺的截面為L形(xing)(xing),凸(tu)邊(bian)起(qi)校(xiao)直盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)的作(zuo)用(yong)。刀(dao)架外形(xing)(xing)為U形(xing)(xing),角(jiao)度(du)(du)與(yu)游(you)標(biao)(biao)上(shang)的角(jiao)度(du)(du)對應(ying)相等。緊固螺桿和夾(jia)板活絡連接,作(zuo)夾(jia)持盤(pan)(pan)(pan)根(gen)用(yong)。


圖 66.jpg


  盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)制時,按閥(fa)桿直(zhi)徑(jing)與填料寬度(du)之和,在游(you)標尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)取相對(dui)值,再(zai)將(jiang)游(you)標滑動到該值上(shang)(shang),對(dui)準(zhun)看(kan)窗上(shang)(shang)的(de)刻度(du)線,并(bing)用(yong)緊固(gu)螺釘固(gu)定游(you)標。例如閥(fa)桿直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)20mm,盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)寬度(du)6mm,其和為(wei)26mm,對(dui)準(zhun)游(you)標尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)26格,切(qie)下的(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)長度(du)就是所(suo)需(xu)長度(du),即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)制時將(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)夾緊,用(yong)薄(bo)刀(dao)沿刀(dao)架(jia)邊切(qie)斷(duan)。然后將(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)角插入游(you)標凹(ao)角內對(dui)準(zhun),盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)靠在游(you)標尺(chi)凸邊校直(zhi),用(yong)夾板(ban)夾緊,再(zai)用(yong)薄(bo)刀(dao)沿刀(dao)架(jia)切(qie)斷(duan)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)。


3. 機械切制


  在修(xiu)理(li)閥門的過程中(zhong),對非標準的填(tian)料(liao)或無(wu)法購買到的填(tian)料(liao),需要現制(zhi)現用。特別是(shi)對常用的V形(xing)(xing)塑(su)料(liao)填(tian)料(liao),除用模具注塑(su)成形(xing)(xing)外,還可用車制(zhi)方法。


  在車(che)制V形填料(liao)時,應選用(yong)有一定精(jing)度的小型車(che)床,可(ke)采用(yong)成形車(che)刀加工。應特別注意(yi)各型填料(liao)中(zhong)相互配合(he)(he)的尺寸(cun)和角(jiao)度,并應符(fu)合(he)(he)粗糙(cao)度的要(yao)求(qiu)。


  另外,填(tian)料函和(he)填(tian)料底部的(de)(de)填(tian)料墊多(duo)半為金屬,也需要(yao)進行(xing)車加(jia)工配制(zhi)。選用(yong)填(tian)料時(shi),必須考慮(lv)使(shi)用(yong)條件(jian)和(he)介質(zhi),一般(ban)說來,油(you)浸石棉盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)于(yu)一定溫度的(de)(de)空氣(qi)、蒸汽(qi)、水和(he)重油(you)產品;橡(xiang)膠石棉盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)于(yu)水、蒸汽(qi)和(he)石油(you)產品;石墨石棉盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)于(yu)水、蒸汽(qi)和(he)石油(you)產品;石墨石棉盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)于(yu)高溫高壓條件(jian)下(xia),尤以夾銅絲(si)的(de)(de)石墨石棉盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)耐(nai)壓力更(geng)佳;高溫而又溫度多(duo)變的(de)(de)介質(zhi)可用(yong)石棉加(jia)鉛盤(pan)根(gen)(gen);強腐蝕(shi)介質(zhi)可用(yong)浸聚(ju)四氟乙烯石棉盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)或用(yong)聚(ju)四氟乙烯編織(zhi)的(de)(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)。


  裝填(tian)前,無石(shi)墨(mo)的(de)石(shi)棉填(tian)料應涂上(shang)一層鱗(lin)片(pian)狀石(shi)墨(mo)粉,填(tian)料袋裝或盒裝,保持干凈(jing)。


  石墨、密封膠(jiao)應分別用盒(he)裝上蓋,不能混入雜物。填料、石墨、密封膠(jiao)隨(sui)用隨(sui)取,不得亂丟。


  凡是能在(zai)閥桿(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)端套人(ren)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)閥門(men),都(dou)應盡可能采(cai)取直接(jie)(jie)套入的(de)方(fang)法裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。套入后,可用壓具或卡箍借助(zhu)閥桿(gan)(gan)轉動壓緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。對于(yu)不能直接(jie)(jie)套入的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),應切成(cheng)搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)形(xing)式,這種搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)方(fang)式對于(yu)O形(xing)圈和(he)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)都(dou)是絕對禁止(zhi)的(de),必要時柔性(xing)石墨填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)也(ye)可采(cai)取搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)的(de)方(fang)式。圖4-67為(wei)(wei)搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法,將搭(da)(da)(da)接(jie)(jie)口上(shang)(shang)下錯(cuo)開(kai),傾斜后把填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)套在(zai)閥桿(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang),然后上(shang)(shang)下復(fu)原(yuan),使(shi)切口吻合,輕輕地嵌入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)中(zhong)。圖4-68(b)為(wei)(wei)錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)方(fang)法,它(ta)容易使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)變形(xing),甚至拉裂,對于(yu)柔性(xing)石墨填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),更應禁止(zhi)這種錯(cuo)誤(wu)操作。


圖 67.jpg


  填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)好(hao)壞(huai),直接(jie)影響閥桿的(de)(de)密封(feng),而(er)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(底圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan))是(shi)(shi)關(guan)鍵,要(yao)再(zai)認真仔細地檢(jian)查填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函的(de)(de)底部是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)平整,填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)墊是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)妥,確認底面平整無(wu)歪(wai)斜時(shi)(shi),再(zai)將第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)用壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)(ju)輕輕地壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)底面,抽(chou)出壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)(ju);檢(jian)查填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)平整,有無(wu)歪(wai)斜,搭(da)接(jie)吻合是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)良好(hao),再(zai)以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)(ju)將第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊,但用力(li)要(yao)適當,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)太大。應一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)地裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函中(zhong)(zhong),并且每(mei)(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)就壓(ya)(ya)緊一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci),并應在每(mei)(mei)層填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)間加少許銀色石墨粉。不(bu)(bu)應連(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)幾(ji)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)壓(ya)(ya)緊,更不(bu)(bu)得使許多(duo)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)連(lian)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)繞入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函中(zhong)(zhong),這種裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)法(fa)只能(neng)作(zuo)臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)試壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)業用,不(bu)(bu)允許用作(zuo)正常運行閥門(men)的(de)(de)密封(feng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)式。正確的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)將各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)切口搭(da)接(jie)位置(zhi),相互(hu)錯(cuo)(cuo)開(kai)120°,這是(shi)(shi)目前普遍采用的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。也有其他填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)搭(da)口錯(cuo)(cuo)位方(fang)(fang)式,如(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)搭(da)口互(hu)錯(cuo)(cuo)90°,也有90°和180°交互(hu)錯(cuo)(cuo)開(kai)。在裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),每(mei)(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)應旋(xuan)轉一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)閥桿,以(yi)檢(jian)查閥桿與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)卡阻(zu),而(er)影響閥門(men)的(de)(de)啟閉。


  選擇填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)規格時(shi),嚴禁以(yi)小代大,沒有(you)合(he)適寬度的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)時(shi),允許(xu)用(yong)比填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)槽(cao)寬1~2mm的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),但不允許(xu)用(yong)手錘(chui)打扁,而應(ying)用(yong)平(ping)板或碾子均(jun)勻(yun)地壓(ya)扁填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。壓(ya)制(zhi)后的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),如發現(xian)有(you)質量(liang)(liang)問題,應(ying)停止使用(yong)。設有(you)分(fen)流(liu)環的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han),應(ying)事先測量(liang)(liang)好(hao)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)深度和分(fen)流(liu)環的(de)位置。分(fen)流(liu)環要對準填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)的(de)引(yin)流(liu)管孔,允許(xu)稍(shao)微偏(pian)上,不準偏(pian)下(xia)。


  填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)基(ji)本裝填(tian)(tian)滿后,應以壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。操(cao)作(zuo)時,兩(liang)邊螺(luo)栓對(dui)稱擰緊,用力均(jun)勻,壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)不(bu)得歪斜,以免填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)接觸(chu)閥桿(gan),增加閥桿(gan)摩擦(ca)阻力,壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)內,也可以一圈填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的高度作(zuo)為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入的深(shen)(shen)度,一般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入深(shen)(shen)度不(bu)得小于5mm,并且(qie)隨時檢(jian)查閥桿(gan)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)以及(ji)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)三(san)者的間隙要一致,轉(zhuan)動(dong)閥桿(gan)時,受力均(jun)勻正常、操(cao)作(zuo)靈活、無卡阻現象。如果手感操(cao)作(zuo)力矩過大時,可適當放松(song)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai),減(jian)小填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)對(dui)閥門桿(gan)的摩擦(ca)阻力。


  V形(xing)填料(liao)和模壓成形(xing)的(de)(de)其他填料(liao),應從閥(fa)桿上(shang)端(duan)慢慢套入,套裝時(shi)要注(zhu)意(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)填料(liao)內圈被(bei)閥(fa)桿的(de)(de)螺紋劃(hua)傷。成形(xing)V形(xing)填料(liao)的(de)(de)下填料(liao)(填料(liao)墊)凸(tu)角向(xiang)上(shang),安(an)放(fang)(fang)在填料(liao)函底面;中(zhong)填料(liao)凹(ao)角向(xiang)下,凸(tu)角向(xiang)上(shang),安(an)放(fang)(fang)于填料(liao)中(zhong)部;上(shang)填料(liao)凹(ao)角向(xiang)下,平面向(xiang)上(shang),安(an)放(fang)(fang)在填料(liao)函的(de)(de)上(shang)層。


  填料函一(yi)般不(bu)需修理(li),但閥門使用后若有(you)腐蝕(shi)現(xian)象(xiang)或(huo)有(you)雜物黏(nian)附,修理(li)時要(yao)清(qing)理(li)擦拭(shi),用砂布(bu)磨光,腐蝕(shi)嚴重,出現(xian)麻坑者,應在車床上車去不(bu)平的表面。