填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。香蕉視頻app連接:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓(ya)(ya)緊填料室的(de)壓(ya)(ya)蓋時，應使壓(ya)(ya)蓋螺栓(shuan)同時、對稱地上緊，不要傾斜，并應留(liu)有(you)供壓(ya)(ya)緊用(yong)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)，如圖4-64所示(shi)。其(qi)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)量為：公稱尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)下的(de)閥門為20mm;公稱尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)上的(de)閥門為30~40mm.壓(ya)(ya)蓋壓(ya)(ya)入填料室的(de)深度h不能小于(yu)填料室高(gao)度的(de)10%,也不能大于(yu)20%.
壓緊(jin)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)時，應(ying)同時轉動(dong)閥(fa)桿(gan)，以保持四周(zhou)均勻，并(bing)防止壓得(de)太死。加填料(liao)(liao)(liao)除應(ying)保證(zheng)密封(feng)良好(hao)外，尚應(ying)保證(zheng)閥(fa)桿(gan)轉動(dong)靈活。閥(fa)門的填料(liao)(liao)(liao)室如在工作時有輕微泄漏，可將閥(fa)門關閉(bi)，再緊(jin)一緊(jin)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓蓋(gai)；如泄漏嚴重，則應(ying)將填料(liao)(liao)(liao)全(quan)部更換。
填(tian)料的(de)切制方法有手工。工具和機械切制三種。
1. 手工切制
目前常用一(yi)根(gen)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)填(tian)料(liao)作試樣(yang)進行單(dan)根(gen)切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)會(hui)使填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)長度(du)(du)或角度(du)(du)不同。填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)手工切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如圖(tu)4-65所示，先備一(yi)根(gen)與閥桿(gan)直徑相等的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)棒(bang)，將(jiang)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)緊(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)纏(chan)繞(rao)在木(mu)(mu)(mu)棒(bang)上(shang)，切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)角度(du)(du)為(wei)30°或45°,切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)刀刃(ren)應薄而鋒利，也可用細齒(chi)鋸條鋸割，用此(ci)方(fang)法(fa)切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)，其角度(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)均(jun)能一(yi)致，精(jing)度(du)(du)和質量(liang)都較(jiao)好。該方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)不足(zu)之處是需要專用木(mu)(mu)(mu)棒(bang)，切割線為(wei)弧形，切割不方(fang)便，切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)不當時(shi)(shi)，纏(chan)繞(rao)在木(mu)(mu)(mu)棒(bang)上(shang)的(de)(de)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)容(rong)易松散。最好采(cai)用小鐵釘固定，切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，需一(yi)起割斷。
2. 工具切制
切(qie)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)工具(ju)如圖4-66所(suo)示(shi)。該工具(ju)結構簡單(dan)，攜(xie)帶方便，切(qie)制角(jiao)度(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)準確，無切(qie)口毛頭或盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)松散(san)變形(xing)等(deng)缺陷，制作質量高。切(qie)盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)工具(ju)上的(de)(de)游(you)(you)標尺上有刻(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)，每格(ge)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)值為(wei)3.14mm,作測量盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)長度(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)標可在標尺上滑動(dong)，上面有45°或30°的(de)(de)凹角(jiao)，其頂(ding)點正(zheng)好在看(kan)窗(chuang)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)上，看(kan)窗(chuang)是對刻(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，游(you)(you)標上的(de)(de)緊(jin)固(gu)螺(luo)釘(ding)作固(gu)定游(you)(you)標用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)標尺的(de)(de)截(jie)面為(wei)L形(xing)，凸邊起校直盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。刀架外形(xing)為(wei)U形(xing)，角(jiao)度(du)(du)與游(you)(you)標上的(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)對應相(xiang)等(deng)。緊(jin)固(gu)螺(luo)桿和夾(jia)板活絡(luo)連接，作夾(jia)持盤(pan)(pan)根(gen)用(yong)(yong)。
盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)時(shi)，按閥桿直徑與填料寬度之和，在游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)尺上(shang)取(qu)相對(dui)值(zhi)，再(zai)將(jiang)游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)滑(hua)動到該(gai)值(zhi)上(shang)，對(dui)準看(kan)窗上(shang)的刻(ke)度線(xian)，并用(yong)緊固(gu)螺(luo)釘固(gu)定游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)。例如(ru)閥桿直徑為(wei)20mm,盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)寬度6mm,其和為(wei)26mm,對(dui)準游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)尺上(shang)26格(ge)，切(qie)(qie)下的盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)長(chang)度就是所需長(chang)度，即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)(qie)制(zhi)時(shi)將(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)夾(jia)緊，用(yong)薄刀沿刀架邊(bian)切(qie)(qie)斷。然后將(jiang)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)角(jiao)插入游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)凹(ao)角(jiao)內對(dui)準，盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)靠在游(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)尺凸邊(bian)校直，用(yong)夾(jia)板夾(jia)緊，再(zai)用(yong)薄刀沿刀架切(qie)(qie)斷盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)。
3. 機械切(qie)制
在修理(li)閥門的過程中，對(dui)非(fei)標準(zhun)的填(tian)料(liao)(liao)或無法購買(mai)到的填(tian)料(liao)(liao)，需要現制(zhi)現用(yong)。特(te)別是對(dui)常用(yong)的V形塑料(liao)(liao)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)，除(chu)用(yong)模(mo)具注塑成形外(wai)，還可用(yong)車制(zhi)方法。
在車(che)制(zhi)V形填料時(shi)，應(ying)選(xuan)用有一定(ding)精(jing)度的(de)小型(xing)車(che)床，可(ke)采用成形車(che)刀(dao)加工。應(ying)特別注意各型(xing)填料中相互(hu)配合的(de)尺寸和(he)角(jiao)度，并應(ying)符合粗(cu)糙度的(de)要求。
另(ling)外，填料(liao)(liao)函和(he)(he)填料(liao)(liao)底部的填料(liao)(liao)墊多半為金(jin)屬，也需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)車(che)加工配制。選用(yong)(yong)填料(liao)(liao)時，必須考慮使用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件和(he)(he)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)，一般說來，油浸石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于一定(ding)溫度的空氣、蒸(zheng)汽、水(shui)和(he)(he)重油產品(pin)；橡膠石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于水(shui)、蒸(zheng)汽和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油產品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于水(shui)、蒸(zheng)汽和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油產品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于高溫高壓(ya)條(tiao)件下，尤以夾銅(tong)絲的石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根耐壓(ya)力更佳；高溫而又溫度多變的介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)加鉛盤根；強腐蝕(shi)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)浸聚四(si)氟(fu)乙(yi)烯石(shi)(shi)(shi)棉(mian)(mian)盤根或用(yong)(yong)聚四(si)氟(fu)乙(yi)烯編織的盤根。
裝(zhuang)填(tian)前，無石(shi)墨(mo)的(de)石(shi)棉(mian)填(tian)料應涂上一(yi)層鱗片狀石(shi)墨(mo)粉，填(tian)料袋裝(zhuang)或盒(he)裝(zhuang)，保持干凈。
石墨(mo)、密封膠(jiao)應分別用盒裝上蓋，不能混入雜物。填料、石墨(mo)、密封膠(jiao)隨(sui)用隨(sui)取，不得亂丟。
凡是能(neng)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿上端套人填(tian)(tian)(tian)料的閥(fa)(fa)門(men)，都(dou)應盡可能(neng)采取直(zhi)接(jie)套入的方(fang)法裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料。套入后，可用壓(ya)具或卡(ka)箍借(jie)助(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)桿轉動壓(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)料。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于不(bu)能(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)套入的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料，應切成搭接(jie)形式(shi)，這種搭接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于O形圈和V形填(tian)(tian)(tian)料都(dou)是絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)禁止的，必要時柔性(xing)石墨(mo)(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料也可采取搭接(jie)的方(fang)式(shi)。圖4-67為搭接(jie)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料的裝填(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法，將搭接(jie)口上下錯開，傾(qing)斜后把(ba)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料套在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿上，然(ran)后上下復原，使切口吻合，輕輕地嵌入填(tian)(tian)(tian)料函中。圖4-68(b)為錯誤(wu)的方(fang)法，它容易使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料變形，甚至拉裂(lie)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于柔性(xing)石墨(mo)(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料，更應禁止這種錯誤(wu)操作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量的好壞，直接影響閥(fa)桿(gan)(gan)的密封，而裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的第一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)（底(di)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)）是關鍵，要再(zai)認真仔細地(di)檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函的底(di)部是否(fou)平整，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)墊(dian)是否(fou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)妥(tuo)，確(que)認底(di)面平整無歪斜(xie)時(shi)，再(zai)將(jiang)第一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用壓(ya)(ya)具輕輕地(di)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)底(di)面，抽出壓(ya)(ya)具；檢查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是否(fou)平整，有(you)無歪斜(xie)，搭(da)接吻(wen)合是否(fou)良好，再(zai)以壓(ya)(ya)具將(jiang)第一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊，但(dan)用力要適當，不能(neng)太(tai)大。應(ying)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)地(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函中，并且每(mei)(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)就壓(ya)(ya)緊一(yi)(yi)次，并應(ying)在(zai)每(mei)(mei)層(ceng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)間(jian)加少許(xu)銀色(se)石墨粉。不應(ying)連裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)幾圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，一(yi)(yi)次壓(ya)(ya)緊，更不得(de)使(shi)許(xu)多圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)連成一(yi)(yi)條繞(rao)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函中，這種裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法只能(neng)作臨時(shi)試(shi)壓(ya)(ya)作業用，不允(yun)許(xu)用作正常運行閥(fa)門(men)的密封填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)式。正確(que)的方(fang)法是將(jiang)各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的切口(kou)搭(da)接位(wei)(wei)置，相互(hu)錯(cuo)開120°,這是目前普遍采用的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)法。也(ye)有(you)其他填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭(da)口(kou)錯(cuo)位(wei)(wei)方(fang)式，如填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)搭(da)口(kou)互(hu)錯(cuo)90°,也(ye)有(you)90°和(he)180°交互(hu)錯(cuo)開。在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的過程(cheng)中，每(mei)(mei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)應(ying)旋轉一(yi)(yi)下(xia)閥(fa)桿(gan)(gan)，以檢查(cha)閥(fa)桿(gan)(gan)與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是否(fou)卡阻，而影響閥(fa)門(men)的啟閉。
選擇填(tian)料(liao)規格時，嚴禁以小代(dai)大，沒有(you)合適寬度的(de)填(tian)料(liao)時，允許(xu)用(yong)比填(tian)料(liao)函(han)槽寬1~2mm的(de)填(tian)料(liao)，但不允許(xu)用(yong)手(shou)錘打扁，而應(ying)(ying)用(yong)平板或碾子(zi)均(jun)勻地壓扁填(tian)料(liao)。壓制后的(de)填(tian)料(liao)，如發現有(you)質(zhi)量問(wen)題，應(ying)(ying)停止(zhi)使用(yong)。設有(you)分流(liu)環(huan)的(de)填(tian)料(liao)函(han)，應(ying)(ying)事先測量好填(tian)料(liao)函(han)深(shen)度和分流(liu)環(huan)的(de)位(wei)置。分流(liu)環(huan)要對準填(tian)料(liao)函(han)的(de)引流(liu)管孔(kong)，允許(xu)稍微偏上，不準偏下。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)基本裝填(tian)(tian)滿(man)后，應以壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)。操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)，兩邊螺栓對(dui)(dui)稱擰緊(jin)，用(yong)力均勻(yun)(yun)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)不得歪斜，以免填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)接觸閥(fa)桿，增加(jia)閥(fa)桿摩擦阻力，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)內(nei)，也(ye)可以一圈填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)高度作(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入的(de)深度，一般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入深度不得小于5mm,并且隨時(shi)檢查閥(fa)桿與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套以及填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)三者的(de)間隙要一致，轉動(dong)閥(fa)桿時(shi)，受力均勻(yun)(yun)正常、操(cao)作(zuo)靈活、無卡阻現(xian)象(xiang)。如果(guo)手感(gan)操(cao)作(zuo)力矩(ju)過大時(shi)，可適當放松壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)，減小填(tian)(tian)料(liao)對(dui)(dui)閥(fa)門桿的(de)摩擦阻力。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料和模壓(ya)成(cheng)形(xing)的(de)其他填(tian)(tian)(tian)料，應從閥桿(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)端慢慢套入，套裝(zhuang)時要(yao)注意防(fang)止填(tian)(tian)(tian)料內(nei)圈被閥桿(gan)(gan)的(de)螺紋劃傷(shang)。成(cheng)形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料的(de)下填(tian)(tian)(tian)料（填(tian)(tian)(tian)料墊）凸角(jiao)(jiao)向上(shang)(shang)，安放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)料函底面；中(zhong)(zhong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料凹(ao)角(jiao)(jiao)向下，凸角(jiao)(jiao)向上(shang)(shang)，安放(fang)于(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)；上(shang)(shang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料凹(ao)角(jiao)(jiao)向下，平面向上(shang)(shang)，安放(fang)在填(tian)(tian)(tian)料函的(de)上(shang)(shang)層。
填料函一(yi)般不需修理，但閥門使用后若有(you)腐蝕現(xian)象或有(you)雜物(wu)黏附，修理時要清理擦拭(shi)，用砂布磨光，腐蝕嚴(yan)重(zhong)，出(chu)現(xian)麻坑者(zhe)，應(ying)在(zai)車床上車去不平的表面(mian)。
