填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。香蕉視頻app連接:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓(ya)緊(jin)填料(liao)(liao)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)蓋時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)使壓(ya)蓋螺栓同(tong)時(shi)(shi)、對稱(cheng)地上緊(jin)，不要(yao)傾(qing)斜，并應(ying)留有供壓(ya)緊(jin)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙，如(ru)圖(tu)4-64所示(shi)。其間(jian)隙量為：公(gong)稱(cheng)尺寸DN100mm以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門(men)為20mm;公(gong)稱(cheng)尺寸DN100mm以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門(men)為30~40mm.壓(ya)蓋壓(ya)入填料(liao)(liao)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)h不能(neng)小于(yu)(yu)填料(liao)(liao)室(shi)高度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)10%,也不能(neng)大于(yu)(yu)20%.
壓(ya)緊(jin)填料(liao)時，應(ying)(ying)同時轉(zhuan)動(dong)閥(fa)桿，以保持四(si)周均勻(yun)，并防(fang)止壓(ya)得太死。加填料(liao)除應(ying)(ying)保證密封良好(hao)外，尚(shang)應(ying)(ying)保證閥(fa)桿轉(zhuan)動(dong)靈活。閥(fa)門(men)(men)的填料(liao)室如在工作(zuo)時有輕微(wei)泄漏(lou)，可(ke)將閥(fa)門(men)(men)關閉，再緊(jin)一緊(jin)填料(liao)壓(ya)蓋(gai)；如泄漏(lou)嚴(yan)重，則應(ying)(ying)將填料(liao)全部(bu)更換(huan)。
填料的(de)切制方法有(you)手工。工具和機械切制三種。
1. 手工切制
目前常用(yong)一(yi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)填料作試樣進行單根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)，這樣會使填料的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)或角(jiao)度(du)(du)不(bu)同(tong)。填料的(de)(de)(de)(de)手工(gong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)如圖(tu)4-65所示，先備一(yi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)與閥桿直(zhi)徑相(xiang)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)木棒(bang)(bang)(bang)，將盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)緊緊纏繞(rao)在木棒(bang)(bang)(bang)上，切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)30°或45°,切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀刃(ren)應薄而鋒利(li)，也可(ke)用(yong)細齒鋸條鋸割(ge)(ge)，用(yong)此方(fang)(fang)法切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)，其角(jiao)度(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)均能一(yi)致，精度(du)(du)和質量都(dou)較好。該方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足之處是需要專用(yong)木棒(bang)(bang)(bang)，切(qie)(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)線為(wei)(wei)弧形(xing)，切(qie)(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)不(bu)方(fang)(fang)便，切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法不(bu)當時(shi)，纏繞(rao)在木棒(bang)(bang)(bang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)容(rong)易松散。最(zui)好采用(yong)小(xiao)鐵釘固定，切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，需一(yi)起(qi)割(ge)(ge)斷。
2. 工具切制(zhi)
切盤根(gen)工具(ju)如圖4-66所示(shi)。該工具(ju)結(jie)構(gou)簡單，攜帶方便，切制角度(du)和長度(du)準確，無(wu)切口毛頭或盤根(gen)松(song)散變形(xing)等(deng)缺陷，制作(zuo)質量(liang)高。切盤根(gen)工具(ju)上(shang)的(de)游(you)(you)標(biao)尺上(shang)有(you)刻度(du)，每(mei)格刻度(du)值為(wei)3.14mm,作(zuo)測量(liang)盤根(gen)長度(du)用(yong)。游(you)(you)標(biao)可在(zai)標(biao)尺上(shang)滑動，上(shang)面有(you)45°或30°的(de)凹角，其(qi)頂點正好在(zai)看窗(chuang)刻度(du)上(shang)，看窗(chuang)是對(dui)刻度(du)用(yong)的(de)，游(you)(you)標(biao)上(shang)的(de)緊固螺釘作(zuo)固定(ding)游(you)(you)標(biao)用(yong)。游(you)(you)標(biao)尺的(de)截面為(wei)L形(xing)，凸邊起校直盤根(gen)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。刀架(jia)外形(xing)為(wei)U形(xing)，角度(du)與游(you)(you)標(biao)上(shang)的(de)角度(du)對(dui)應相等(deng)。緊固螺桿和夾(jia)板活絡連接，作(zuo)夾(jia)持盤根(gen)用(yong)。
盤(pan)根(gen)切制時，按閥桿直徑與填料寬度之和(he)，在游(you)標(biao)尺(chi)上取相對(dui)值，再將游(you)標(biao)滑動到(dao)該值上，對(dui)準看窗(chuang)上的(de)刻(ke)度線，并用緊固螺釘固定(ding)游(you)標(biao)。例如閥桿直徑為20mm,盤(pan)根(gen)寬度6mm,其和(he)為26mm,對(dui)準游(you)標(biao)尺(chi)上26格，切下的(de)盤(pan)根(gen)長度就是所(suo)需長度，即(ji)26π=81.68mm.切制時將盤(pan)根(gen)夾(jia)緊，用薄(bo)刀沿刀架(jia)邊切斷。然后將盤(pan)根(gen)切角插入游(you)標(biao)凹角內(nei)對(dui)準，盤(pan)根(gen)靠在游(you)標(biao)尺(chi)凸邊校(xiao)直，用夾(jia)板夾(jia)緊，再用薄(bo)刀沿刀架(jia)切斷盤(pan)根(gen)。
3. 機械切(qie)制
在(zai)修理閥門的(de)過程中，對(dui)非標準的(de)填(tian)料(liao)或無(wu)法購買到的(de)填(tian)料(liao)，需要現(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)用(yong)。特別是對(dui)常用(yong)的(de)V形塑料(liao)填(tian)料(liao)，除用(yong)模具注塑成形外，還可用(yong)車制(zhi)(zhi)方法。
在車(che)(che)制(zhi)V形填料(liao)時，應(ying)選用(yong)有一定精度(du)的(de)小型車(che)(che)床，可(ke)采用(yong)成形車(che)(che)刀(dao)加工。應(ying)特別注意各型填料(liao)中相互(hu)配(pei)合的(de)尺寸(cun)和(he)角度(du)，并應(ying)符合粗糙度(du)的(de)要(yao)求。
另外(wai)，填料函和(he)(he)(he)填料底部的(de)填料墊多半為金屬(shu)，也需要進行車加(jia)工配(pei)制。選用(yong)(yong)填料時(shi)，必須考慮使用(yong)(yong)條件和(he)(he)(he)介(jie)質，一般說(shuo)來，油(you)浸石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉盤根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)一定溫(wen)度的(de)空氣、蒸汽(qi)、水(shui)和(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)油(you)產(chan)品；橡膠(jiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉盤根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)水(shui)、蒸汽(qi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產(chan)品；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉盤根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)水(shui)、蒸汽(qi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)產(chan)品；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉盤根(gen)(gen)可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)(gao)壓條件下，尤以(yi)夾銅(tong)絲的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉盤根(gen)(gen)耐壓力(li)更佳；高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)而又溫(wen)度多變(bian)的(de)介(jie)質可用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉加(jia)鉛盤根(gen)(gen)；強腐(fu)蝕介(jie)質可用(yong)(yong)浸聚(ju)四氟乙(yi)烯(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉盤根(gen)(gen)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)四氟乙(yi)烯(xi)編織的(de)盤根(gen)(gen)。
裝(zhuang)填(tian)前，無石墨的石棉填(tian)料(liao)應涂上一層(ceng)鱗(lin)片狀石墨粉(fen)，填(tian)料(liao)袋裝(zhuang)或盒裝(zhuang)，保持(chi)干凈。
石墨(mo)、密封膠應分(fen)別用盒裝上蓋，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)混(hun)入雜物。填料(liao)、石墨(mo)、密封膠隨(sui)用隨(sui)取，不(bu)(bu)得亂丟。
凡是能在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿上(shang)端套(tao)人填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)閥(fa)(fa)門，都(dou)(dou)應盡可能采取直(zhi)接(jie)套(tao)入的(de)方法(fa)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。套(tao)入后(hou)，可用(yong)壓(ya)具或卡箍借助(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)桿轉動(dong)壓(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。對于(yu)不(bu)能直(zhi)接(jie)套(tao)入的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，應切成搭(da)(da)接(jie)形式，這(zhe)種搭(da)(da)接(jie)方式對于(yu)O形圈和V形填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)都(dou)(dou)是絕對禁止的(de)，必(bi)要時柔性石(shi)墨填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)也可采取搭(da)(da)接(jie)的(de)方式。圖(tu)4-67為搭(da)(da)接(jie)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)方法(fa)，將搭(da)(da)接(jie)口上(shang)下(xia)錯開(kai)，傾(qing)斜(xie)后(hou)把填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)套(tao)在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)桿上(shang)，然后(hou)上(shang)下(xia)復(fu)原，使切口吻合，輕(qing)輕(qing)地嵌入填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函中。圖(tu)4-68(b)為錯誤(wu)的(de)方法(fa)，它容易使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)變形，甚至拉裂，對于(yu)柔性石(shi)墨填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，更應禁止這(zhe)種錯誤(wu)操(cao)作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞，直接(jie)影(ying)響閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)密封，而裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)（底(di)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)）是(shi)(shi)關鍵，要再(zai)認真仔細地檢(jian)查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)的(de)(de)(de)底(di)部是(shi)(shi)否(fou)平整(zheng)，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)墊是(shi)(shi)否(fou)裝(zhuang)妥，確(que)認底(di)面(mian)平整(zheng)無(wu)歪(wai)(wai)斜(xie)時(shi)，再(zai)將第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)輕輕地壓(ya)(ya)下底(di)面(mian)，抽出壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)；檢(jian)查(cha)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)平整(zheng)，有無(wu)歪(wai)(wai)斜(xie)，搭(da)接(jie)吻(wen)合是(shi)(shi)否(fou)良好(hao)，再(zai)以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)具(ju)將第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊，但用(yong)力要適當(dang)，不(bu)能太大。應(ying)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)地裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)中(zhong)(zhong)，并(bing)且每裝(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)就壓(ya)(ya)緊一(yi)(yi)(yi)次，并(bing)應(ying)在每層填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)間加少許銀色石墨粉(fen)。不(bu)應(ying)連(lian)裝(zhuang)幾圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)次壓(ya)(ya)緊，更(geng)不(bu)得使許多圈(quan)(quan)(quan)連(lian)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)條繞(rao)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)中(zhong)(zhong)，這種裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)只能作臨(lin)時(shi)試壓(ya)(ya)作業用(yong)，不(bu)允許用(yong)作正(zheng)常(chang)運行閥(fa)(fa)門的(de)(de)(de)密封填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)式。正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)將各(ge)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)切口搭(da)接(jie)位(wei)置，相互(hu)錯開(kai)120°,這是(shi)(shi)目前普(pu)遍采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。也有其(qi)他填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)搭(da)口錯位(wei)方(fang)(fang)式，如(ru)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)各(ge)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)搭(da)口互(hu)錯90°,也有90°和180°交互(hu)錯開(kai)。在裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，每裝(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)(quan)應(ying)旋轉一(yi)(yi)(yi)下閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)，以(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)閥(fa)(fa)桿(gan)(gan)與(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)卡阻，而影(ying)響閥(fa)(fa)門的(de)(de)(de)啟閉。
選(xuan)擇填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)規格時(shi)，嚴禁以(yi)小(xiao)代(dai)大，沒(mei)有(you)合適寬(kuan)度的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，允(yun)許(xu)用(yong)(yong)比填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)槽寬(kuan)1~2mm的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，但不允(yun)許(xu)用(yong)(yong)手(shou)錘打(da)扁，而應用(yong)(yong)平板(ban)或碾子均勻(yun)地壓扁填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。壓制(zhi)后的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，如發現有(you)質量(liang)問題(ti)，應停止使用(yong)(yong)。設有(you)分(fen)流環(huan)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)，應事先(xian)測量(liang)好填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)深度和(he)分(fen)流環(huan)的(de)位置(zhi)。分(fen)流環(huan)要對準填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)的(de)引流管孔，允(yun)許(xu)稍微偏上，不準偏下。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)基本裝填(tian)(tian)滿(man)后，應以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)壓(ya)(ya)緊填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。操(cao)作(zuo)時，兩(liang)邊螺栓對(dui)(dui)稱擰緊，用力(li)(li)均勻，壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)不(bu)得歪(wai)斜(xie)，以(yi)免填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)偏或壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)接(jie)觸(chu)閥桿(gan)，增加(jia)閥桿(gan)摩擦阻力(li)(li)，壓(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)人填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)內，也可(ke)以(yi)一圈填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的高度(du)作(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)套壓(ya)(ya)入的深度(du)，一般壓(ya)(ya)入深度(du)不(bu)得小于5mm,并且隨時檢查閥桿(gan)與壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)、壓(ya)(ya)套以(yi)及填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)三者(zhe)的間隙要一致(zhi)，轉(zhuan)動閥桿(gan)時，受力(li)(li)均勻正常、操(cao)作(zuo)靈活、無卡阻現象。如(ru)果手感(gan)操(cao)作(zuo)力(li)(li)矩過大時，可(ke)適(shi)當放松壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)，減小填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)對(dui)(dui)閥門桿(gan)的摩擦阻力(li)(li)。
V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料和模壓成形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料，應從閥桿(gan)上端慢慢套入(ru)，套裝時(shi)要注意防止填(tian)(tian)(tian)料內圈被閥桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)螺紋(wen)劃傷。成形(xing)V形(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料的(de)(de)(de)下填(tian)(tian)(tian)料（填(tian)(tian)(tian)料墊(dian)）凸角(jiao)向(xiang)上，安放在填(tian)(tian)(tian)料函(han)底面；中(zhong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料凹角(jiao)向(xiang)下，凸角(jiao)向(xiang)上，安放于填(tian)(tian)(tian)料中(zhong)部；上填(tian)(tian)(tian)料凹角(jiao)向(xiang)下，平面向(xiang)上，安放在填(tian)(tian)(tian)料函(han)的(de)(de)(de)上層。
填料(liao)函一般(ban)不需修(xiu)(xiu)理，但閥(fa)門使(shi)用后若有腐蝕(shi)現象或有雜(za)物黏附，修(xiu)(xiu)理時要(yao)清理擦拭，用砂布磨光，腐蝕(shi)嚴重(zhong)，出現麻坑者，應在車床(chuang)上車去不平的表面。
