封頭(tou)是常壓及承(cheng)壓容(rong)器中不可或缺(que)的零部件,廣(guang)泛用于(yu)石(shi)油、電子、供暖、化工(gong)、醫藥、污水處理、輕紡、食品(pin)、機(ji)械、建筑、核(he)電、航空航天、壓力(li)容(rong)器、軍工(gong)等行業。
封頭是壓力容(rong)(rong)器的(de)重要受壓元(yuan)件之(zhi)一(yi),它不但直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響容(rong)(rong)器的(de)制造質量和成本,而(er)且還影(ying)響生(sheng)產(chan)裝置(zhi)的(de)安全和長期運行。常用的(de)裝置(zhi)有反應壓力容(rong)(rong)器,熱交換壓力容(rong)(rong)器,分離壓力容(rong)(rong)器,儲存壓力容(rong)(rong)器等等。
封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的種類繁多,按用途可(ke)分為承(cheng)壓封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)和常壓封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),按形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀可(ke)分為橢圓封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、蝶形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、球(qiu)冠形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、弓(gong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、平底形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)等。
1. 上模(沖頭)
上(shang)模結(jie)構(gou)示意圖,如圖4-33所示。
2. 下模(沖壓(ya)環)
圖4-34是下模結構示(shi)意圖。
下模(mo)圓(yuan)角半徑:
用壓環時,r=(2~3)板厚;
不采用壓環時,r=(4~6)板厚,r1=80~150mm; r2=(3~4)δ;α=30°~40°.
下模直邊高:h1=(40~70)mm;
下模(mo)總(zong)高度:h=(100~250)mm;
下模外徑:D=D1xm+(200~400)mm.
3. 壓環(huan)結構與尺寸
圖(tu)4-35是壓環(huan)結構示意圖(tu)。
內徑:D'n=Dxm+50~80mm;
外徑:D'w=D;
厚度:δ=70~120mm.