輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一(yi)般每架成型(xing)機(ji)裝有一(yi)對或多對成型(xing)輥，每列(lie)成型(xing)機(ji)組由兩架以(yi)上(shang)的成型(xing)機(ji)組線。在輥式(shi)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)成型(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)只有彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)變(bian)形。除坯(pi)料彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)角局部有輕微減薄外，變(bian)形材料的厚度在成型(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)保持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)。這種(zhong)加工方法特別適合于外形縱長(chang)、批量(liang)較大的高(gao)精度產品的加工，此外，在輥式(shi)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)成型(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，可以(yi)很容易地將沖裁、打孔、壓印、縱彎(wan)(wan)(wan)等(deng)輔助加工引入進來。

  輥式冷彎成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)可分為(wei)四種，即(ji)單(dan)張（或單(dan)件）成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)、成卷成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)、連續(xu)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)和聯(lian)合加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)。每一種工(gong)藝(yi)都可分為(wei)3個階段(duan)，即(ji)成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前坯料準備階段(duan)、成型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)加(jia)工(gong)階段(duan)、型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材精整階段(duan)。

  單張成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝就是預定尺坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法在坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)前將坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)切成(cheng)(cheng)定尺長度(du)，然后(hou)用(yong)(yong)送料(liao)(liao)輥將坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)送進成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥，成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材不(bu)必(bi)經剪切即可收集入庫(ku)。采用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥的(de)(de)速度(du)一般在15~75m/min.這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)工藝主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于小批量、成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材鋸切比(bi)較困難的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下。采用(yong)(yong)單張成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工藝成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)組的(de)(de)設(she)備較簡(jian)單、工具費用(yong)(yong)少、投資低(di)。但(dan)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)生產(chan)工藝得(de)到的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材邊部縱(zong)向拉伸較大，因(yin)而只有利(li)用(yong)(yong)側立輥才(cai)能得(de)到比(bi)較精確的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)和(he)連(lian)續成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)基本相(xiang)同(tong)，所不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)是連(lian)續成(cheng)(cheng)型時(shi)前一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)尾部(bu)與后(hou)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)頭部(bu)經過(guo)齊對(dui)焊(han)，使坯料(liao)帶(dai)材(cai)(cai)連(lian)續不(bu)斷地進(jin)人成(cheng)(cheng)型機進(jin)行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)型。而成(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)型時(shi)帶(dai)卷(juan)頭尾不(bu)對(dui)焊(han)，進(jin)行(xing)單卷(juan)供(gong)料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)型。與單張(zhang)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)相(xiang)比(bi)，這(zhe)兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)更(geng)加高效、高產(chan)、通用(yong)。這(zhe)兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)主要優點是：

①. 帶卷成(cheng)本低(di)、切損少(shao)，因(yin)而(er)降低(di)了材料總(zong)成(cheng)本。

②. 由(you)于需(xu)(xu)要的成型機架數少且不需(xu)(xu)要額外的導衛(wei)裝(zhuang)置，因而工具成本(ben)低。

③. 可以加(jia)工形(xing)狀(zhuang)比(bi)單張(zhang)成(cheng)型(xing)工藝更復(fu)雜的型(xing)材(cai)。

④. 型材的(de)頭尾部(bu)扭曲及(ji)張(zhang)開度減小。

⑤. 由于操作幾乎是連續(xu)的，因而生產率(lv)得到提高。

  但這兩種成(cheng)型(xing)工藝需要(yao)開卷機(ji)、活套器、對焊機(ji)、定尺飛(fei)鋸(ju)或飛(fei)剪等輔助設備，因(yin)而其機(ji)組設備投(tou)資較(jiao)大、占地較(jiao)大。成(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)速度一般為(wei)30~90m/min.目(mu)前投(tou)產(chan)的(de)絕大多數輥式冷彎成(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組均是采用這兩種工藝，因(yin)此后面將以(yi)這兩種成(cheng)型(xing)工藝為(wei)例(li)進行重點闡述，圖5-1給出了其工藝流程示意圖。

  聯(lian)合加工工藝用于加工具有特定要求的冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)，如(ru)高(gao)強度冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、閉口(kou)焊接(jie)冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、熱處(chu)理強化冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、周(zhou)期波(bo)紋板沖孔冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)，涂層(ceng)冷(leng)彎(wan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)等(deng)。聯(lian)合加工成型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的設備(bei)最復(fu)雜(za)、投資最高(gao)。根(gen)據產品的要求這種機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)可(ke)包括如(ru)下設備(bei)：直縫焊機(ji)(ji)、對(dui)焊機(ji)(ji)、輥式(shi)沖孔機(ji)(ji)、輥式(shi)壓印機(ji)(ji)、涂層(ceng)機(ji)(ji)、熱處(chu)理設備(bei)等(deng)。

 輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)是用一組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)將帶(dai)材(cai)逐漸壓彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷面型(xing)(xing)材(cai)，現(xian)以(yi)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)角鋼為例，圖5-2是由(you)4個機(ji)(ji)(ji)架組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組，第(di)一機(ji)(ji)(ji)架完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帶(dai)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整和送進工作，第(di)二(er)～第(di)四機(ji)(ji)(ji)架各承(cheng)擔一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓彎(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)任務，使帶(dai)材(cai)通(tong)過(guo)后被彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)壓制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角型(xing)(xing)材(cai)。每一對(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)所分擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)變形(xing)量，決(jue)定了(le)該機(ji)(ji)(ji)架孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本尺寸。不過(guo)至今的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)設(she)計主要還是依靠(kao)經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累，尚缺乏理論解析方法。