連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。
連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)歷史悠久(jiu)，早在(zai)(zai)(zai)19世紀(ji)末就曾(ceng)嘗試(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)長芯棒上(shang)進行軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，但(dan)由于(yu)種種原因，至1950年(nian)(nian)世界(jie)上(shang)也僅有6臺連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)。1960年(nian)(nian)后，隨著科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)和(he)(he)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，特別是(shi)電子計算機(ji)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)飛速(su)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)應用，使連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生產(chan)(chan)工藝和(he)(he)設(she)備上(shang)日趨完善，得到了迅速(su)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)推(tui)廣。在(zai)(zai)(zai)浮動芯棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，限(xian)動芯棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)于(yu)20世紀(ji)60年(nian)(nian)代中期進行了工藝試(shi)驗，獲得了可喜的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果。1978年(nian)(nian)世界(jie)上(shang)第一(yi)套(tao)限(xian)動芯棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)（MPM)在(zai)(zai)(zai)意大利達爾明(ming)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)廠建成(cheng)投產(chan)(chan)，連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工藝發展(zhan)到了一(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)準。20世紀(ji)90年(nian)(nian)代末又推(tui)出了三(san)輥(gun)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)（PQF)技(ji)術，使連(lian)(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工藝裝備躍上(shang)了更高的(de)(de)(de)臺階。
連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)在PQF出現以前，都(dou)是(shi)兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)，即由(you)兩個軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成孔型，二(er)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)機(ji)架(jia)既有(you)與地(di)(di)面(mian)呈45°交錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)與地(di)(di)面(mian)垂直(zhi)、水平交錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)。PQF為三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)，即由(you)三個軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為一(yi)組(zu)組(zu)成孔型，如圖4-2所示。連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)時，孔型頂部(bu)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬由(you)于受到軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)外(wai)壓(ya)力(li)和芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)內壓(ya)力(li)作用(yong)而產生軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)延伸(shen)，并(bing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寬展，而孔型側壁(bi)部(bu)分的(de)(de)金(jin)屬與芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不接觸，但(dan)它被頂部(bu)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)延伸(shen)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬對它附(fu)加的(de)(de)拉應(ying)力(li)作用(yong)而產生軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)延伸(shen)，并(bing)同時產生軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)拉縮。不論兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)還是(shi)三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)，按芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)運行方式(shi)(shi)(shi)可分為浮動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)、半浮動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)和限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)三種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。
為了完成(cheng)將連續軋管(guan)(guan)機軋出(chu)的(de)荒管(guan)(guan)與芯棒脫開分離的(de)工藝目的(de)，便于荒管(guan)(guan)在(zai)后(hou)道工序進一步加工成(cheng)品不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)，一般(ban)采(cai)用以下兩種方(fang)法(fa)。
1. 脫棒機(ji)
軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制結束后(hou)荒(huang)管(guan)／芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一起移(yi)出(chu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制線，荒(huang)管(guan)受軸向約束不動(dong)(dong)(dong)，用裝置(zhi)將(jiang)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從荒(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)。我們將(jiang)這種荒(huang)管(guan)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)設備稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)。當帶芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)進(jin)入(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)后(hou)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)上(shang)的(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝置(zhi)就鉤(gou)住芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)尾柄(bing)，而液壓開(kai)閉的(de)(de)卡板擋(dang)住荒(huang)管(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)從荒(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)轉過半圈完成一次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作，鏈(lian)所(suo)走(zou)過的(de)(de)距(ju)離約為芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)1.1倍(bei)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)的(de)(de)最大速度大于4.5m/s,到達終位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)誤差(cha)為±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)(song)輥道(dao)送(song)(song)到芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)升降擋(dang)板前，然后(hou)由芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移(yi)送(song)(song)裝置(zhi)把芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)(song)人芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻(que)槽，循環使(shi)用。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)安裝位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)與連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)平行(xing)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)有兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)，這兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)用橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)連(lian)接起來，兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)間共有兩(liang)個(ge)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)及多個(ge)承載橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)用來從荒(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承載橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)用來在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)支撐芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)用螺栓(shuan)緊固(gu)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件尺寸相關的(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝置(zhi)，當更換(huan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要更換(huan)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝置(zhi)。
2. 脫管機(ji)
軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結束后(hou)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)停(ting)止(zhi)運動(dong)(dong)，荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)其(qi)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)中脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，我們將(jiang)這(zhe)種(zhong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)不動(dong)(dong)，荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備稱為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有兩輥(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)有三輥(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有兩個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將(jiang)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，完成(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線(xian)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去(qu)了脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了工(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)，提高了終軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)溫(wen)度；（2)起(qi)定徑(jing)(jing)作用，也(ye)就(jiu)是說在(zai)(zai)每(mei)一支鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產中，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)有延伸和(he)定徑(jing)(jing)作用。在(zai)(zai)早期設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)中就(jiu)嘗(chang)試過不單獨設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如1985年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日本NKK京(jing)濱廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)和(he)1990年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俄(e)羅斯伏爾加(jia)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)），而是將(jiang)MPM軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接送(song)人(ren)緊(jin)隨(sui)其(qi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二輥(gun)式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)定徑(jing)(jing)（1997年(nian)日本住友和(he)歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)則是送(song)入其(qi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三輥(gun)式(shi)（FQS)),使脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)定徑(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)一個工(gong)序內完成(cheng)；荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)并完成(cheng)定徑(jing)(jing)任務，實現MPM與定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。但由于(yu)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格和(he)材質種(zhong)類較(jiao)多，給成(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)帶(dai)來困難(nan)，很難(nan)保證(zheng)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)精度，因此在(zai)(zai)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)中沒(mei)有再使用這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)產薄(bo)壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)中厚壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型名(ming)義直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)必須小于(yu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產薄(bo)壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)量要相應(ying)加(jia)大，否則薄(bo)壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不易(yi)被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)。每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上都裝有安全白，以(yi)防止(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)損(sun)傷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)及相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)部分(fen)。在(zai)(zai)事故情況下，假(jia)如當帶(dai)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)型時(shi)(shi)(shi)，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)向載荷大于(yu)預設(she)(she)值(zhi)，則軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)孔(kong)型會相應(ying)張開，防止(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)頂壞軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)及設(she)(she)備。
3. 空減機的配置
空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)空心坯減(jian)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)簡(jian)稱，一套連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為使其產品外徑(jing)(jing)規格范圍盡(jin)可能地大(da)，設計時(shi)一般選用2~5個(ge)孔(kong)(kong)型，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)配(pei)備張減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)孔(kong)(kong)型數較少，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)配(pei)備定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)孔(kong)(kong)型數較多。由于孔(kong)(kong)型尺寸的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)相應地軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口的(de)(de)毛管(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)也要隨著發生變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，為適應軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口毛管(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，通常有兩種方法：
a. 選用幾種外徑的管坯，針(zhen)對不同的孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型選用不同規(gui)格的管坯，但(dan)每(mei)次更(geng)換孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型時需對穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)的受料槽、導衛裝置（導板或導盤）進行更(geng)換，這樣做一(yi)方面占用較(jiao)多工作時間；另一(yi)方面管坯料場、穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)工具需要場地較(jiao)大；
b. 在穿孔機(ji)(ji)與(yu)軋管機(ji)(ji)之間布置(zhi)一臺空減機(ji)(ji)，通過(guo)空減機(ji)(ji)可使用同一種外徑尺寸的(de)管坯來(lai)滿足(zu)軋管機(ji)(ji)不同孔型成(cheng)為(wei)可能。
浮(fu)動(dong)芯棒連(lian)續軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)組采用(yong)(yong)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔機(ji)(ji)與軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)之間布置空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)方法(fa)比較經濟，這(zhe)樣既可僅(jin)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個規格的(de)(de)管(guan)坯組織生(sheng)產(chan)，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)了(le)(le)管(guan)坯庫(ku)的(de)(de)面(mian)積和穿(chuan)(chuan)孔機(ji)(ji)相關(guan)的(de)(de)軋制工具數(shu)量，又可以減(jian)少(shao)(shao)換孔型的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間，提(ti)高了(le)(le)機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)作業率(lv)。經空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)后的(de)(de)毛管(guan)在運往連(lian)續軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)入口臺架前，先通過一(yi)個吹(chui)灰裝置用(yong)(yong)壓縮空(kong)氣吹(chui)去毛管(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以減(jian)少(shao)(shao)對芯棒的(de)(de)磨損和管(guan)子(zi)內(nei)表面(mian)缺陷(xian)，同時(shi)(shi)空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)亦(yi)消(xiao)除(chu)了(le)(le)狄塞爾穿(chuan)(chuan)孔機(ji)(ji)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)毛管(guan)頭尾外(wai)徑差(cha)，使軋制過程穩定。這(zhe)種單獨布置的(de)(de)空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)般使用(yong)(yong)三輥式及3~6個機(ji)(ji)架。
半浮(fu)動芯棒(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)組將空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)布(bu)置(zhi)在連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)人口側，即(ji)與連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)串列布(bu)置(zhi)，一(yi)般為兩(liang)輥(gun)式(shi)、2~4架(jia)(jia)；在保持了原有(you)空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)優點的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，可縮短工藝(yi)流(liu)程，減少(shao)占地面(mian)積。這種變化(hua)一(yi)方面(mian)是因(yin)為錐形輥(gun)穿孔機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應用使變形前(qian)移(yi)(yi)，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)數相應減少(shao)（減少(shao)2~3架(jia)(jia)），串列布(bu)置(zhi)因(yin)芯棒(bang)的(de)(de)長度增(zeng)加而引起的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)制節奏變化(hua)不是很(hen)多(duo)（因(yin)軋(ya)(ya)制終了芯棒(bang)向(xiang)前(qian)運動）；另一(yi)方面(mian)串列布(bu)置(zhi)可減少(shao)毛管(guan)在縱向(xiang)移(yi)(yi)動過(guo)程中內表面(mian)的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)和溫降，能更有(you)效地確(que)保鋼管(guan)質量。
限(xian)(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組在(zai)最(zui)初時沒(mei)有(you)空減機(ji)，采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是一種(zhong)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)坯對(dui)應一個孔型，這主要是因(yin)為軋(ya)(ya)制時芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)件(jian)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)比浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作條件(jian)更(geng)為惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)更(geng)容易磨損和劃傷。限(xian)(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)藝(yi)上不(bu)(bu)允(yun)許毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)進入(ru)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)前做縱向運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，必須有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防止(zhi)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二次氧(yang)化，才能確保鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，因(yin)此不(bu)(bu)可能像浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣(yang)在(zai)穿孔機(ji)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)之間(jian)布置空減機(ji)。如(ru)采用半浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串(chuan)列(lie)布置，因(yin)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加使軋(ya)(ya)制節奏更(geng)加緩慢（因(yin)軋(ya)(ya)制終(zhong)了芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)向后運(yun)動(dong)(dong)），將影響(xiang)機(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮，也是不(bu)(bu)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。近(jin)十年來，限(xian)(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)組也在(zai)不(bu)(bu)斷吸收其他(ta)機(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長處，在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)入(ru)口側串(chuan)列(lie)布置1架空減機(ji)（三輥(gun)、四輥(gun)形式均有(you)），目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于(yu)消除(chu)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙和毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭尾直(zhi)徑(jing)偏差，使軋(ya)(ya)制更(geng)加平穩，從而(er)提高(gao)軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)，確保鋼管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何尺寸精(jing)度和內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)質(zhi)量。
4. 吹硼砂的工藝
限動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)比(bi)浮動(dong)、半浮動(dong)機(ji)組(zu)多了(le)一(yi)個工序(xu)就是在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)入(ru)口前向毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)用(yong)氮氣(qi)噴抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑，工藝目的(de)是去除內(nei)表面的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鐵皮并防止(zhi)二次氧(yang)化(hua)。抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑在(zai)高(gao)溫時(shi)呈熔融狀(zhuang)態可起到很好的(de)潤滑作(zuo)用(yong)，對(dui)抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)劑的(de)成分、顆粒尺(chi)寸、化(hua)學穩(wen)定(ding)性、物理穩(wen)定(ding)性及吹撒(sa)的(de)數(shu)量、噴吹的(de)壓力、時(shi)間都有嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)要求，主(zhu)要是解決軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)延(yan)伸大、軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制時(shi)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)間相(xiang)對(dui)運動(dong)較大、芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)工作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)更為惡(e)劣，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)更容易(yi)(yi)磨損和劃傷、潤滑條(tiao)件(jian)不好時(shi)容易(yi)(yi)發生軋(ya)(ya)(ya)卡事故或軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制終了(le)時(shi)脫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)不能將荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中順利的(de)抽出等問題。
