連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹鋼管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。

  連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)歷史(shi)悠久，早在(zai)19世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)末就曾嘗試在(zai)長芯棒(bang)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，但由于種種原(yuan)因(yin)，至1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)僅有6臺連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)，隨著科學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)進(jin)步和生產(chan)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，特(te)別是(shi)電子計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)飛速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和應(ying)用，使連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和設備上(shang)(shang)日(ri)趨完(wan)善，得(de)到了迅速的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和推廣。在(zai)浮動(dong)芯棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)，限動(dong)芯棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)于20世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中期進(jin)行了工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)試驗，獲得(de)了可喜的(de)成果。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)(shang)第一套限動(dong)芯棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（MPM)在(zai)意大利達爾明(ming)鋼管(guan)(guan)廠建成投產(chan)，連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到了一個新(xin)的(de)水(shui)準。20世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代末又推出了三輥連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（PQF)技(ji)術(shu)，使連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)裝備躍上(shang)(shang)了更高的(de)臺階。

  連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在PQF出現以前(qian)，都是兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)，即(ji)由兩個軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)孔(kong)型(xing)，二輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架既有與地面呈45°交錯布置的(de)(de)，也有與地面垂直(zhi)、水平交錯布置的(de)(de)。PQF為(wei)三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)，即(ji)由三個軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)孔(kong)型(xing)，如圖4-2所(suo)示。連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)時(shi)，孔(kong)型(xing)頂(ding)部(bu)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬由于受到軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)外(wai)壓(ya)力和芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)內壓(ya)力作(zuo)用而(er)(er)產生軸向(xiang)延伸(shen)，并向(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)寬(kuan)展，而(er)(er)孔(kong)型(xing)側壁部(bu)分的(de)(de)金(jin)屬與芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)不(bu)接觸，但它被(bei)頂(ding)部(bu)軸向(xiang)延伸(shen)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬對它附加(jia)的(de)(de)拉(la)應力作(zuo)用而(er)(er)產生軸向(xiang)延伸(shen)，并同時(shi)產生軸向(xiang)拉(la)縮。不(bu)論兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)還(huan)是三輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，按芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)運行方式(shi)(shi)(shi)可分為(wei)浮動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、半浮動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)三種(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)。

  為(wei)了完成將連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機軋(ya)(ya)出的荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)與芯棒脫(tuo)開分離(li)的工藝目(mu)的，便于荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在后道工序進一步(bu)加工成品不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)，一般采用以下兩種方(fang)法。

1. 脫棒機(ji)

  軋(ya)(ya)制結束(shu)后(hou)(hou)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一(yi)起移出軋(ya)(ya)制線(xian)，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)受軸向(xiang)約(yue)(yue)束(shu)不動(dong)(dong)，用(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)置將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中抽(chou)(chou)出。我們(men)將這種荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)不動(dong)(dong)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)設備稱為(wei)(wei)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。當(dang)(dang)帶(dai)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位置后(hou)(hou)，脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)上的(de)(de)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊(jin)(jin)裝(zhuang)置就(jiu)鉤住芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)尾柄(bing)，而(er)液壓開(kai)閉的(de)(de)卡(ka)(ka)板擋住荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)從(cong)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中抽(chou)(chou)出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)轉過半圈完成一(yi)次脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)(dong)作，鏈(lian)所走過的(de)(de)距離約(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度(du)的(de)(de)1.1倍。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)速度(du)大(da)于4.5m/s,到(dao)達終位的(de)(de)誤差為(wei)(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)出的(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送輥道送到(dao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位升降(jiang)擋板前，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送裝(zhuang)置把(ba)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送人芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻槽，循環使用(yong)(yong)。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)安裝(zhuang)位置與(yu)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)平行。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有兩(liang)列(lie)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)，這兩(liang)列(lie)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)用(yong)(yong)橫(heng)梁(liang)連(lian)接起來(lai)，兩(liang)列(lie)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)間共有兩(liang)個脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)及多個承載橫(heng)梁(liang)。脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)從(cong)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中抽(chou)(chou)出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而(er)承載橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)在脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程(cheng)中支撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)上用(yong)(yong)螺(luo)栓緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)件尺寸相關的(de)(de)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊(jin)(jin)裝(zhuang)置，當(dang)(dang)更(geng)換(huan)軋(ya)(ya)制芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要(yao)更(geng)換(huan)脫(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊(jin)(jin)裝(zhuang)置。

2. 脫管機

  軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)結束(shu)后(hou)，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)停止運動(dong)(dong)，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)線被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)(jiang)其從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)中脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，我(wo)們(men)將(jiang)(jiang)這(zhe)種芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)不動(dong)(dong)，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)既有(you)(you)(you)兩輥式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)三輥式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設置(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)兩個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將(jiang)(jiang)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，完成脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)線上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短(duan)了(le)工(gong)藝流程(cheng)，提(ti)高了(le)終軋(ya)(ya)溫度(du)；（2)起定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說在(zai)每(mei)一(yi)支(zhi)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產中，該(gai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)延伸和(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)早(zao)期設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組中就(jiu)嘗(chang)試(shi)過不單獨設置(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（如(ru)1985年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)日本(ben)NKK京濱廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組和(he)(he)1990年(nian)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯伏爾(er)加(jia)(jia)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組），而是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)MPM軋(ya)(ya)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直接送人緊隨其后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二輥式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年(nian)日本(ben)住友和(he)(he)歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)組脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)送入其后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三輥式(shi)（FQS)),使(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)一(yi)個工(gong)序內完成；荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組從(cong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)并完成定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實現(xian)MPM與(yu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)軋(ya)(ya)。但由(you)于荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和(he)(he)材質種類較多，給成品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)(zhi)帶(dai)來困難，很難保(bao)證鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)精度(du)，因此在(zai)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組中沒有(you)(you)(you)再使(shi)用(yong)這(zhe)種工(gong)藝布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)。為生(sheng)(sheng)產薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)中厚(hou)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)名義(yi)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)必須小于軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)量要相應(ying)加(jia)(jia)大(da)，否則(ze)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不易被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上都裝有(you)(you)(you)安(an)全白，以(yi)防(fang)止芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)損傷軋(ya)(ya)輥及相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分(fen)。在(zai)事故(gu)情(qing)況下(xia)，假(jia)如(ru)當帶(dai)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)型(xing)時(shi)，若(ruo)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)輥承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向(xiang)載荷大(da)于預設值(zhi)，則(ze)軋(ya)(ya)輥孔(kong)型(xing)會相應(ying)張開(kai)，防(fang)止芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)頂壞軋(ya)(ya)輥及設備。

3. 空(kong)減機的配(pei)置(zhi)

  空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)是空心(xin)坯減徑機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)簡稱，一套連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)使其產(chan)品外徑規格(ge)范圍盡可能(neng)地(di)大，設計時一般選(xuan)用2~5個孔(kong)型(xing)，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后配(pei)備張減機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)孔(kong)型(xing)數(shu)較(jiao)少，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后配(pei)備定徑機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)孔(kong)型(xing)數(shu)較(jiao)多。由(you)于孔(kong)型(xing)尺(chi)寸的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)相應地(di)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口的(de)(de)毛管(guan)外徑也要隨(sui)著發生變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，為(wei)適應軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口毛管(guan)外徑變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，通常有兩種方法(fa)：

  a. 選用(yong)幾(ji)種外徑(jing)的管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)，針對不同的孔(kong)型(xing)選用(yong)不同規格的管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)，但每次更換(huan)孔(kong)型(xing)時(shi)需(xu)對穿孔(kong)機(ji)的受料槽、導(dao)衛(wei)裝置（導(dao)板或導(dao)盤）進行更換(huan)，這樣做(zuo)一方面占用(yong)較(jiao)多工(gong)作時(shi)間；另一方面管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)料場、穿孔(kong)機(ji)工(gong)具(ju)需(xu)要場地較(jiao)大；

  b. 在穿孔(kong)機(ji)與軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)之間(jian)布置一(yi)臺空減機(ji)，通過空減機(ji)可(ke)使(shi)用同一(yi)種外(wai)徑尺寸的管(guan)坯來(lai)滿足(zu)軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)不(bu)同孔(kong)型(xing)成為(wei)可(ke)能。

  浮動(dong)芯棒連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組采用穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間布置空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法比(bi)較(jiao)經濟(ji)，這(zhe)樣既可僅用一(yi)個(ge)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)組織生(sheng)產，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)面積和(he)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)軋制工(gong)具數量，又可以減(jian)少(shao)換孔(kong)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，提高了(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)作業率。經空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在運往連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口(kou)臺(tai)架前，先通過一(yi)個(ge)吹(chui)灰裝置用壓縮(suo)空氣吹(chui)去毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)細小(xiao)氧(yang)化鐵皮，以減(jian)少(shao)對芯棒的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損(sun)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子內表面缺陷，同時空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除了(le)狄塞(sai)爾穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭(tou)尾(wei)外徑差，使軋制過程穩(wen)定(ding)。這(zhe)種單獨布置的(de)(de)(de)(de)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般使用三輥式(shi)及3~6個(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架。

  半浮動芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)將(jiang)空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)(ji)布(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)人口側，即與(yu)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)串列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)，一(yi)般為兩輥式、2~4架；在(zai)保持了原有空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)(ji)優點的(de)(de)同(tong)時，可(ke)縮(suo)短工藝流程，減少占地面(mian)積。這種變化一(yi)方面(mian)是因(yin)為錐(zhui)形輥穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應(ying)用使變形前移，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架數相(xiang)應(ying)減少（減少2~3架），串列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)因(yin)芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)長(chang)度增加而引起的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制節奏變化不是很(hen)多（因(yin)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制終了芯(xin)棒(bang)向(xiang)前運(yun)動）；另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)串列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)可(ke)減少毛管(guan)(guan)在(zai)縱向(xiang)移動過(guo)程中內表面(mian)的(de)(de)氧化和溫降，能更有效地確保鋼管(guan)(guan)質量。

  限(xian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)組在(zai)(zai)(zai)最初時(shi)沒有空減機(ji)(ji)，采用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一種規格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)坯對應一個孔型，這(zhe)主要是(shi)因(yin)為軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)件內(nei)(nei)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)相對運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比(bi)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工作條(tiao)件更(geng)為惡(e)劣，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)更(geng)容易(yi)磨損和劃傷(shang)。限(xian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)工藝上不允許毛管(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)進入軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)前做縱向運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，必須有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)防止(zhi)毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)二次氧(yang)化(hua)，才能(neng)確保鋼(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，因(yin)此不可能(neng)像浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)(zai)(zai)穿孔機(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)之間(jian)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)空減機(ji)(ji)。如采用半浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)串(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)使(shi)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏更(geng)加(jia)緩慢（因(yin)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了(le)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)向后運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)），將影響機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)產能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發揮，也是(shi)不經濟的(de)(de)(de)。近十(shi)年來，限(xian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)組也在(zai)(zai)(zai)不斷(duan)吸收其他機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)長處(chu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)入口側串(chuan)列(lie)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)1架空減機(ji)(ji)（三輥(gun)、四輥(gun)形(xing)式均有），目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于消除毛管(guan)內(nei)(nei)表面(mian)與芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙和毛管(guan)外徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)頭尾(wei)直徑(jing)偏(pian)差，使(shi)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)更(geng)加(jia)平(ping)穩，從而提(ti)高軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命，確保鋼(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)幾何尺(chi)寸精度和內(nei)(nei)外表面(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。

4. 吹硼砂的工藝

  限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)組比浮(fu)動、半浮(fu)動機(ji)(ji)組多了一個工序就是(shi)在軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)入口前向毛管內用(yong)氮氣噴(pen)抗(kang)氧化(hua)劑(ji)，工藝(yi)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)去除內表面的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)鐵皮并防(fang)止二次氧化(hua)。抗(kang)氧化(hua)劑(ji)在高溫時(shi)(shi)呈熔融狀態可(ke)起到(dao)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑作(zuo)用(yong)，對抗(kang)氧化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)學穩定性(xing)、物理(li)穩定性(xing)及吹(chui)撒的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量、噴(pen)吹(chui)的(de)(de)(de)壓力、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)都有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)要求，主要是(shi)解決軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)延伸(shen)大、軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)件(jian)(jian)間(jian)相(xiang)對運動較大、芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)條件(jian)(jian)更(geng)為惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)更(geng)容易磨損和(he)劃(hua)傷、潤(run)滑條件(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)好時(shi)(shi)容易發生軋(ya)卡事故(gu)或軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)終了時(shi)(shi)脫管機(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)能將荒(huang)管從芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中順(shun)利的(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)出等問題。