連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。
連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)歷史悠久，早在19世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀末就曾嘗試(shi)在長芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上進行軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)，但由于種(zhong)種(zhong)原因，至(zhi)1950年(nian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)上也僅有6臺連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)。1960年(nian)后，隨著科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)進步和生產的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，特別是電子計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)飛速(su)發展(zhan)和應用，使連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)在生產工(gong)(gong)藝和設備(bei)上日趨(qu)完善，得到(dao)了(le)迅速(su)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和推廣。在浮動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，限(xian)動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)于20世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀60年(nian)代中(zhong)期(qi)進行了(le)工(gong)(gong)藝試(shi)驗，獲得了(le)可喜的(de)(de)(de)成果。1978年(nian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)上第一(yi)套限(xian)動芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（MPM)在意大(da)利達爾明鋼管(guan)(guan)廠建成投產，連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝發展(zhan)到(dao)了(le)一(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)水準。20世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀90年(nian)代末又推出了(le)三輥(gun)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)（PQF)技(ji)(ji)術，使連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝裝備(bei)躍(yue)上了(le)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)臺階。
連續軋(ya)管(guan)機在PQF出(chu)現以(yi)前，都(dou)是(shi)兩輥(gun)式的(de)(de)，即由(you)兩個(ge)(ge)軋(ya)輥(gun)為一組組成孔型(xing)，二輥(gun)式的(de)(de)機架既(ji)有與地面呈(cheng)45°交錯布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)，也有與地面垂直、水平(ping)交錯布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)。PQF為三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)，即由(you)三(san)個(ge)(ge)軋(ya)輥(gun)為一組組成孔型(xing)，如(ru)圖4-2所示(shi)。連續軋(ya)管(guan)時，孔型(xing)頂(ding)部的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬由(you)于受到軋(ya)輥(gun)外(wai)壓力(li)和芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)內(nei)壓力(li)作用而產生(sheng)軸向延伸(shen)，并向圓周橫向寬展，而孔型(xing)側(ce)壁部分的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬與芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)不接觸，但(dan)它(ta)被頂(ding)部軸向延伸(shen)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬對(dui)它(ta)附加的(de)(de)拉應(ying)力(li)作用而產生(sheng)軸向延伸(shen)，并同時產生(sheng)軸向拉縮(suo)。不論兩輥(gun)式的(de)(de)還是(shi)三(san)輥(gun)式的(de)(de)連續軋(ya)管(guan)機，按芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)運行方式可分為浮(fu)動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連續軋(ya)管(guan)機、半(ban)浮(fu)動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連續軋(ya)管(guan)機和限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連續軋(ya)管(guan)機三(san)種形式。
為(wei)了完成將連續軋管機軋出的(de)荒管與芯棒脫(tuo)開分(fen)離的(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)，便(bian)于荒管在后道工(gong)序(xu)進一步加工(gong)成品不銹鋼(gang)管，一般采用(yong)以(yi)下兩種方(fang)法(fa)。
1. 脫棒(bang)機(ji)
軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結(jie)束后荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一(yi)(yi)起(qi)移(yi)(yi)出軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)受軸向約(yue)(yue)束不動(dong)，用(yong)裝置(zhi)將(jiang)(jiang)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中抽出。我們將(jiang)(jiang)這種荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)不動(dong)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)的設(she)備(bei)稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)。當(dang)(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)進入(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)后，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈上的脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝置(zhi)就鉤住(zhu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的尾柄，而液壓開閉的卡(ka)板擋住(zhu)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈從(cong)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中抽出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈轉過半圈完成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動(dong)作(zuo)，鏈所走過的距(ju)離約(yue)(yue)為芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的1.1倍(bei)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)的最(zui)大(da)速(su)度大(da)于4.5m/s,到達(da)終位(wei)的誤差為±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出的芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)輥道送(song)到芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升降擋板前，然(ran)后由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移(yi)(yi)送(song)裝置(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)人(ren)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻(que)槽，循環使用(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)安裝位(wei)置(zhi)與(yu)(yu)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)平行。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)有(you)兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈，這兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈用(yong)橫梁(liang)(liang)連(lian)接起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，兩列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈間共(gong)有(you)兩個脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)(liang)及多個承載橫梁(liang)(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)(liang)用(yong)來(lai)(lai)從(cong)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中抽出芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承載橫梁(liang)(liang)用(yong)來(lai)(lai)在(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程中支撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫梁(liang)(liang)上用(yong)螺(luo)栓緊(jin)固與(yu)(yu)軋(ya)(ya)件尺寸相關(guan)的脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝置(zhi)，當(dang)(dang)更換軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要(yao)更換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)緊(jin)裝置(zhi)。
2. 脫管(guan)機
軋(ya)(ya)制結(jie)束后，芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)停止運動(dong)，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)線被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)將(jiang)其從芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，我們將(jiang)這種芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)動(dong)，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)稱為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)既有兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)，也有三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)設(she)(she)置(zhi)有兩(liang)個重要的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)目的(de)：（1)將(jiang)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，完成(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)制線上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了(le)(le)(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程，提高了(le)(le)(le)終軋(ya)(ya)溫度(du)；（2)起定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用，也就是說在(zai)(zai)每(mei)(mei)一支鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生產(chan)中(zhong)，該(gai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也有延伸和(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用。在(zai)(zai)早期設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)限動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中(zhong)就嘗試過(guo)不(bu)單獨設(she)(she)置(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（如(ru)1985年建造的(de)日本NKK京濱廠的(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)和(he)(he)1990年建造的(de)俄羅斯伏爾加鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠的(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)），而是將(jiang)MPM軋(ya)(ya)出(chu)的(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)送(song)人緊隨其后的(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二(er)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年日本住友(you)和(he)(he)歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)則是送(song)入其后的(de)12架(jia)三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)（FQS)),使(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)一個工(gong)(gong)序內(nei)完成(cheng)；荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)制的(de)同時，被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)從芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)并完成(cheng)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實(shi)現MPM與定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)之(zhi)間的(de)連軋(ya)(ya)。但由于荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)規格和(he)(he)材質種類較多，給成(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控制帶來(lai)困難(nan)，很難(nan)保證(zheng)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)精度(du)，因此在(zai)(zai)以(yi)后的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中(zhong)沒有再使(shi)用這種工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)布置(zhi)。為(wei)生產(chan)薄(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)中(zhong)厚壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每(mei)(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)孔型名(ming)義直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)必須小于軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)薄(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)量(liang)要相(xiang)應加大(da)，否則薄(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)易被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)。每(mei)(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上都(dou)裝(zhuang)有安全白，以(yi)防(fang)止芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)時損傷軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及(ji)相(xiang)關的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分(fen)。在(zai)(zai)事故(gu)情況下(xia)，假如(ru)當帶芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)孔型時，若(ruo)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)承(cheng)受的(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向載荷大(da)于預設(she)(she)值，則軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)孔型會相(xiang)應張開，防(fang)止芯(xin)棒(bang)(bang)頂壞軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)及(ji)設(she)(she)備(bei)。
3. 空減機的配置
空減機(ji)(ji)是(shi)空心坯減徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)的(de)簡(jian)稱，一(yi)套連續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)為使其產品外徑(jing)規格范(fan)圍盡可(ke)能地大，設計時一(yi)般選用(yong)2~5個(ge)孔(kong)型(xing)，軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)后(hou)配備張減機(ji)(ji)的(de)選擇孔(kong)型(xing)數較(jiao)少，軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)后(hou)配備定(ding)徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)的(de)選擇孔(kong)型(xing)數較(jiao)多。由(you)于孔(kong)型(xing)尺寸的(de)變(bian)化(hua)相應地軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入(ru)口(kou)的(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)也要隨著發(fa)生變(bian)化(hua)，為適應軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入(ru)口(kou)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)變(bian)化(hua)，通常有兩種(zhong)方法：
a. 選(xuan)用幾種外徑的管(guan)坯，針對不(bu)同(tong)的孔(kong)型(xing)選(xuan)用不(bu)同(tong)規格的管(guan)坯，但每次(ci)更(geng)換(huan)孔(kong)型(xing)時需對穿孔(kong)機的受料槽、導衛裝置（導板或導盤）進行(xing)更(geng)換(huan)，這樣做一方(fang)面占用較(jiao)多工作(zuo)時間；另一方(fang)面管(guan)坯料場、穿孔(kong)機工具需要(yao)場地較(jiao)大；
b. 在穿孔(kong)機與軋(ya)管機之間(jian)布置一臺空減(jian)機，通過空減(jian)機可使用同(tong)(tong)一種外(wai)徑(jing)尺寸的管坯來滿足軋(ya)管機不同(tong)(tong)孔(kong)型成為(wei)可能。
浮動(dong)芯棒連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)采用(yong)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間布(bu)置(zhi)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法比較經濟(ji)，這(zhe)樣既(ji)可(ke)(ke)僅(jin)用(yong)一(yi)個規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)組(zu)(zu)織生產，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)了管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)積和穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制工具數(shu)量，又可(ke)(ke)以(yi)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)換孔(kong)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間，提高(gao)了機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)率(lv)。經空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在運(yun)往連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入(ru)口臺架前，先通(tong)過一(yi)個吹灰裝置(zhi)用(yong)壓縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣吹去毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以(yi)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)對(dui)芯棒的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)損和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子內表面(mian)缺陷，同時(shi)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除了狄塞爾穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頭尾(wei)外徑差，使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制過程(cheng)穩定。這(zhe)種單(dan)獨(du)布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般使用(yong)三輥式及(ji)3~6個機(ji)(ji)(ji)架。
半浮動(dong)芯棒連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)將空減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)布(bu)置在(zai)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)側，即(ji)與(yu)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)串(chuan)列布(bu)置，一(yi)般(ban)為兩輥(gun)式(shi)、2~4架；在(zai)保持了原有(you)空減(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)優點(dian)的(de)(de)同時，可(ke)縮短工藝流程，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少占地面積。這種變化一(yi)方面是(shi)因(yin)為錐形輥(gun)穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應用使(shi)變形前(qian)移(yi)，軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架數相應減(jian)(jian)(jian)少（減(jian)(jian)(jian)少2~3架），串(chuan)列布(bu)置因(yin)芯棒的(de)(de)長度增加(jia)而引起的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏變化不是(shi)很(hen)多(duo)（因(yin)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了芯棒向前(qian)運(yun)動(dong)）；另(ling)一(yi)方面串(chuan)列布(bu)置可(ke)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少毛管(guan)在(zai)縱向移(yi)動(dong)過程中內表面的(de)(de)氧化和溫(wen)降，能更有(you)效地確保鋼管(guan)質量(liang)。
限(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)在最初時沒有(you)空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)，采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一種(zhong)規格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯對應一個孔(kong)型，這主要是(shi)因為軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)件內表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相對運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)比浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作條件更為惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)更容易磨損和劃傷。限(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)工藝上不(bu)允許(xu)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)在進入(ru)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)前(qian)做縱向運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)，必須有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防止(zhi)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二次氧化，才(cai)能(neng)確(que)保(bao)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量，因此不(bu)可能(neng)像(xiang)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)那樣在穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)之間布(bu)置空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)。如采用半浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串列布(bu)置，因芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)長(chang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加使軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏更加緩慢（因軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)向后運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)），將影響機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮，也(ye)是(shi)不(bu)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。近十(shi)年來，限(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)也(ye)在不(bu)斷吸收其他機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)處，在軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入(ru)口側(ce)串列布(bu)置1架(jia)空(kong)減機(ji)(ji)（三輥、四輥形式均有(you)），目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在于(yu)消(xiao)除毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內表(biao)面(mian)與芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙和毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭尾直徑偏差，使軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)更加平穩(wen)，從而提高軋(ya)(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命，確(que)保(bao)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何尺(chi)寸精度和內外表(biao)面(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)量。
4. 吹硼(peng)砂的工藝
限(xian)動(dong)(dong)芯棒(bang)(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管機組比(bi)浮動(dong)(dong)、半浮動(dong)(dong)機組多(duo)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)工序就是在軋(ya)(ya)管機入口前向毛管內用氮(dan)氣噴抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，工藝目的(de)(de)(de)是去除內表面的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)皮并防止二次氧化(hua)(hua)。抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)在高溫(wen)時(shi)呈(cheng)熔融狀態可起(qi)到(dao)很好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)作(zuo)用，對(dui)抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)成分、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)(hua)學穩定性、物理穩定性及吹(chui)撒的(de)(de)(de)數量、噴吹(chui)的(de)(de)(de)壓力、時(shi)間都有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)要求，主(zhu)要是解(jie)決(jue)軋(ya)(ya)管機的(de)(de)(de)延(yan)伸大、軋(ya)(ya)制時(shi)芯棒(bang)(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)件間相對(dui)運動(dong)(dong)較大、芯棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)條(tiao)(tiao)件更(geng)為(wei)惡劣，芯棒(bang)(bang)更(geng)容易磨損(sun)和劃傷、潤滑(hua)條(tiao)(tiao)件不好(hao)(hao)時(shi)容易發(fa)生軋(ya)(ya)卡事故或軋(ya)(ya)制終了(le)時(shi)脫管機不能將荒管從芯棒(bang)(bang)中順(shun)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)出(chu)等問(wen)題。
