隨著陸地(di)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源的不(bu)斷枯竭,海洋油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)發特別是(shi)深海油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)發已成為(wei)世界能源開(kai)發的主(zhu)要領(ling)域。據統計,世界海洋石油(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源量(liang)(liang)占全球石油(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源總量(liang)(liang)的34%,其蘊(yun)藏量(liang)(liang)1000多(duo)億噸(dun);我國(guo)海洋石油(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源探明儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)300億噸(dun),天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)20萬億立方米。中國(guo)南海石油(you)地(di)質儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)為(wei)250~300億噸(dun),占中國(guo)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源總量(liang)(liang)的1/3,屬于世界四(si)大(da)海洋油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)聚(ju)集(ji)中心之(zhi)一(yi)。
現在人們常說的(de)“海洋工(gong)程”,主要限于海洋油氣鉆采裝置(平(ping)臺)、海洋鉆采裝置的(de)配套設備(bei)、海洋工(gong)程船。其“海洋油氣鉆采裝置(平(ping)臺)”成(cheng)為(wei)“海洋工(gong)程”的(de)重要標志。
海(hai)洋工(gong)程用鋼(gang)(gang)主要(yao)分為海(hai)洋平臺(tai)用鋼(gang)(gang)、海(hai)洋能源(yuan)設(she)備用鋼(gang)(gang)和(he)海(hai)底油氣管線用鋼(gang)(gang)三(san)大類(lei)。目前我國海(hai)洋平臺(tai)用鋼(gang)(gang)年需(xu)求總量在350萬噸(dun)以(yi)上(shang),其(qi)中(zhong)海(hai)底管線用鋼(gang)(gang)超過30萬噸(dun)。我國海(hai)上(shang)風電設(she)備年用鋼(gang)(gang)量也在100萬噸(dun)以(yi)上(shang)。
鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)在海(hai)洋工程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)十分普遍(bian),大體系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong),大致分為三種類(lei)型:功(gong)能(neng)系(xi)統用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(包括常規系(xi)統和(he)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan))、結構(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)和(he)特殊用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)。目前(qian)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)行業常說的(de)(de)“海(hai)洋工程(cheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)”,主要是指第二類(lei)結構(gou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)樁(zhuang)腿半弦管(guan)(guan)及其支撐管(guan)(guan)、導管(guan)(guan)架、水下鋼(gang)樁(zhuang)、隔水套管(guan)(guan)和(he)第三類(lei)特殊用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)海(hai)底管(guan)(guan)線管(guan)(guan)等。
我國(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)洋(yang)工(gong)程用鋼管(guan)雖然(ran)起步較晚,但在十(shi)多年的(de)發展中已經取得了很(hen)大的(de)進步。天(tian)津鋼管(guan)、寶鋼、衡陽鋼管(guan)、珠江鋼管(guan)、寶雞(ji)鋼管(guan)、渤海(hai)裝備等企(qi)業,已經開發并批量生產出海(hai)底管(guan)線管(guan)、樁腿半弦管(guan)及其(qi)支撐管(guan)、隔水(shui)套管(guan)、水(shui)下鋼樁、等產品(pin)(pin),部分品(pin)(pin)種可以(yi)完(wan)全(quan)滿足國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)的(de)需求,為我國(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)洋(yang)的(de)開發做出了重要的(de)貢(gong)獻(xian)。