2000年前后，隨著工程機械企業對材料要求的提高，鋼管(guan)生產(chan)廠家除了新建一批先進的軋管機組外，還逐步加大了熱處理線的投入，以實現材料多狀態的交付，改變了以前只有正火、退火、回火的狀態，這對高強度鋼管的研發也起到了很大的作用。目前具備鋼管調質能力的企業有：天津鋼管、寶鋼、衡陽鋼管、湖北新冶鋼、新興鑄管、鞍鋼等。其中天津鋼管擁有十條熱處理線，寶鋼、衡陽鋼管也都有多條熱處理線，規格范圍覆蓋外徑Φ48～720mm；湖北新冶鋼先后建設了四條熱處理線，規格可覆蓋外徑Φ51～533mm，是熱處理比較好的企業之一。這些生產線的建設，為我國開發更高強度級別的如Q500、Q550、Q620、Q690、Q770、Q890等低合金高強度鋼創造了條件。2018年新修訂的《結構用無縫鋼管》（GB／T 8162-2018）將上述大部分牌號納入標準，從而與國外先進標準EN10210-1、EN10297-1更加接近。至此，高強度工程機械用鋼的牌號、化學成分、力學性能要求等，基本上與國際先進標準接軌。

一、起重機(ji)臂架用(yong)無縫鋼管

  履(lv)帶式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機廣泛應用于橋梁(liang)、發(fa)電(dian)設(she)備、煉(lian)油設(she)備、風力發(fa)電(dian)機組以(yi)及海上(shang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作平臺(tai)等(deng)項目的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機械中技(ji)術含量高(gao)、制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜、具(ju)有(you)獨(du)特性能的(de)(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作業(ye)(ye)機械設(she)備。自2005年(nian)(nian)徐(xu)(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)集(ji)團率先研制成功我(wo)國第一(yi)臺(tai)300t級履(lv)帶式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機開始，我(wo)國履(lv)帶式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)發(fa)展迅速向(xiang)大(da)噸(dun)位攀升。在2009年(nian)(nian)和(he)2010年(nian)(nian)，徐(xu)(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)集(ji)團、中聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科、三一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)撫順挖掘機制造有(you)限公(gong)司(si)連續推出千(qian)噸(dun)級履(lv)帶式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機。2011年(nian)(nian)5月，中聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科和(he)三一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)又相繼推出3000t級以(yi)上(shang)大(da)型履(lv)帶式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機。2013年(nian)(nian)7月，徐(xu)(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)4000t級履(lv)帶式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機成功啟用，并將萬(wan)華煙臺(tai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園高(gao)度為(wei)118m、直徑(jing)為(wei)14.4m、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)1680t的(de)(de)丙烯塔吊裝就位，開啟了中國吊裝行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)新(xin)征(zheng)程。

作(zuo)為(wei)履(lv)帶式起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)重要(yao)部(bu)件的(de)組合臂(bei)架(jia)，是承載和(he)輸送的(de)關鍵部(bu)位，臂(bei)架(jia)一般是由(you)長度11m左右的(de)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)弦(xian)臂(bei)管(guan)與腹臂(bei)管(guan)焊接組合而成(cheng)。對于400t以上大型履(lv)帶式起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)的(de)臂(bei)架(jia)，主(zhu)弦(xian)管(guan)所使用的(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)外徑更(geng)大、壁(bi)厚更(geng)厚、強度更(geng)高，要(yao)求鋼(gang)管(guan)不僅具(ju)有更(geng)高的(de)強度和(he)韌(ren)性，同時(shi)由(you)于履(lv)帶式起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)臂(bei)架(jia)全(quan)部(bu)由(you)鋼(gang)管(guan)焊接而成(cheng)，因此還要(yao)求鋼(gang)管(guan)具(ju)有良(liang)好的(de)焊接性能。國內(nei)主(zhu)要(yao)使用的(de)770MPa和(he)890MPa級高強鋼(gang)管(guan)，衡陽鋼(gang)管(guan)、天津鋼(gang)管(guan)、新冶(ye)鋼(gang)、寶鋼(gang)、鞍鋼(gang)的(de)產(chan)品已完全(quan)替(ti)代進口。天津鋼(gang)管(guan)已成(cheng)功(gong)供貨屈服強度960MPa級別臂(bei)架(jia)管(guan)。

二(er)、旋挖(wa)機(ji)鉆桿用無縫鋼管

  旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)是一種(zhong)適(shi)合建(jian)筑基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)成(cheng)孔作業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)在旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)之間(jian)，傳(chuan)遞扭(niu)矩、軸(zhou)向壓力等(deng)載荷，沿共同軸(zhou)心、逐節(jie)伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)結(jie)構。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)由三到(dao)(dao)六根無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)經機(ji)(ji)加工(gong)(gong)、焊接后套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)裝而成(cheng)。其中(zhong)，每(mei)(mei)根無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)構成(cheng)一節(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)筒，每(mei)(mei)節(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)通常約10m左(zuo)右(you)，直徑Φ159～630mm，壁厚8～45mm；每(mei)(mei)節(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)筒的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圓按120度(du)均布焊接厚度(du)x寬(kuan)度(du)約為(wei)20mmx50mm的(de)(de)(de)通長(chang)外(wai)鍵，每(mei)(mei)節(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)筒下端內(nei)弧面上(shang)焊接了(le)同樣厚度(du)和(he)寬(kuan)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)鍵（長(chang)約500～900mm）。為(wei)保(bao)證旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機(ji)(ji)正常工(gong)(gong)作，要求(qiu)盡量(liang)縮(suo)小相鄰鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)筒間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)空隙，同時還要保(bao)證各節(jie)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)筒能夠自由伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)，這對套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)筒用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸偏差(cha)及形(xing)狀(zhuang)精度(du)提出了(le)特殊要求(qiu)。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)加工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)造(zao)，由于(yu)對鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)質量(liang)要求(qiu)嚴、技(ji)術含量(liang)高(gao)，過去主要依靠從(cong)國外(wai)進口(kou)，目前(qian)國內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)有幾(ji)十家，國產(chan)(chan)(chan)品牌鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已完全(quan)取代進口(kou)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。國內(nei)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造(zao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)積累了(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)經驗，現已形(xing)成(cheng)完善的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)術標準和(he)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)批量(liang)供貨能力，攀成(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)牽頭(tou)起(qi)草的(de)(de)(de)《旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》（GB／T 34109--2017）國家標準已實施(shi)，衡陽鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)天(tian)津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)北京三一智(zhi)造(zao)科技(ji)有限公司開發的(de)(de)(de)SY550和(he)SY850旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，突破了(le)目前(qian)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采購技(ji)術要求(qiu)，將新(xin)材(cai)料(liao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)在其第五(wu)代旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)上(shang)，將旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命由2000h提升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)3000h以上(shang)，助推中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品走在世(shi)界前(qian)列。