靜電是指工業靜電，即在生(sheng)產、儲運(yun)過程中在物料(liao)、裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、人(ren)體、器材和(he)構筑物上產生(sheng)和(he)積累起來的(de)靜電。

  兩(liang)種不(bu)同性質的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)互摩擦(ca)，緊密(mi)接觸或(huo)(huo)迅速剝離都會產(chan)生靜電(dian)(dian)，其(qi)(qi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)有正電(dian)(dian)荷(he)，另一(yi)(yi)個物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如(ru)果該物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)與大(da)地絕(jue)緣，則電(dian)(dian)荷(he)無法泄(xie)漏(lou)，停留在(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)內部或(huo)(huo)表面而(er)呈相(xiang)對靜止狀態，這種電(dian)(dian)荷(he)就稱靜電(dian)(dian)。可(ke)燃化工物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料、油品等(deng)在(zai)收發、輸轉、灌(guan)裝過程中(zhong)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)料分子之間和其(qi)(qi)他物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質之間的(de)摩擦(ca)，會產(chan)生靜電(dian)(dian)，其(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓隨著摩擦(ca)的(de)加劇而(er)增大(da)，如(ru)不(bu)及時導(dao)除，當電(dian)(dian)壓增高到一(yi)(yi)定程度時，就會在(zai)兩(liang)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)之間閃火（即靜電(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)）而(er)引起油品爆炸著火。靜電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高越(yue)容易放電(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的高(gao)低或靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大(da)小主要與下列因素有關：管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內介質(zhi)流(liu)(liu)速越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)劇(ju)烈，產生(sheng)(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)；空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不容易(yi)(yi)從空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)容易(yi)(yi)升高(gao)；管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)粗糙，油(you)品流(liu)(liu)經的彎頭閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產生(sheng)(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)；油(you)品含水(shui)時，比(bi)不含水(shui)分產生(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)幾倍(bei)到幾十倍(bei)；非金(jin)屬管(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如(ru)橡膠(jiao)、塑料(liao)等管(guan)道(dao)(dao)比(bi)金(jin)屬管(guan)道(dao)(dao)更(geng)容易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾(lv)網其(qi)柵網越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產生(sheng)(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)。綢氈(zhan)過(guo)濾(lv)網產生(sheng)(sheng)的靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更(geng)高(gao)；空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)的溫度較高(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)的相對濕度在13％～24％時，極(ji)易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相同條件下，輕質(zhi)燃料(liao)油(you)比(bi)潤滑油(you)易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的危害有(you)三種：一是可(ke)能(neng)引起爆炸(zha)和火災(zai)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的能(neng)量雖(sui)然不(bu)(bu)大，但因其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很高且易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出現靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花；二是可(ke)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊雖(sui)然不(bu)(bu)會致(zhi)人死亡(wang)，但是往(wang)往(wang)會導致(zhi)二次事故，因此(ci)也要(yao)加以防(fang)范；三是可(ke)能(neng)影(ying)響生產(chan)(chan)，在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)會影(ying)響儀器(qi)設備的正常運(yun)行或降低產(chan)(chan)品的質量。此(ci)外(wai)，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子自動元件(jian)的誤操(cao)作。