不銹鋼電解拋光工藝流程要根據表面不同的情形、不銹鋼的種類選擇適合的操作程序。
工藝流程(cheng) 1
適(shi)合于(yu)煉(lian)鋼(gang)出(chu)來的材料,表(biao)面有一(yi)層氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)皮,經電(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)能獲得光(guang)(guang)(guang)亮如鏡的表(biao)面。堿(jian)性化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學除油(氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鈉50~80g/L,碳酸(suan)鈉20~30g/L,磷酸(suan)三鈉20~30g/L,洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)衣(yi)粉7~10g/L,溫(wen)度95~100℃,時(shi)間(jian)15~30min)→熱水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→去污粉擦洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→上夾具(接觸點用螺釘擰緊)→下電(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)槽[電(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)液按配(pei)方4,拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)件(jian)放在陽(yang)極(ji)上,鉛板放在陰極(ji)上,陰陽(yang)極(ji)面積比1:(2~3.5),調(diao)整好陰陽(yang)極(ji)之間(jian)距離(li)100~300mm]→給電(dian)拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)(電(dian)壓6~12V,陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)流(liu)密(mi)度30~60A/d㎡,溫(wen)度50~80℃,時(shi)間(jian)8~3min)→斷電(dian)出(chu)槽→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→拆卸夾具→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→熱水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→鈍化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理[硝酸(suan)(d=1.40)600~700mL/L,重鉻(ge)酸(suan)鉀(jia)8~10g/L,室溫(wen),時(shi)間(jian)30~40min]→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→中和(碳酸(suan)鈉20~30g/L,室溫(wen),時(shi)間(jian)2min)→熱水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)→干燥(0.3~0.5MPa壓縮空氣吹干并烘干)。
工藝流程(cheng) 2
采用三次不同的拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)方法(fa)。拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)不銹鋼零件可按此(ci)工序進行。機械拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)→化學除油→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→酸(suan)蝕(shi)(工業(ye)(ye)鹽酸(suan)加緩蝕(shi)劑(ji)六亞甲基四(si)胺1~2g/L,室溫(wen),時間1.0~2min;或工業(ye)(ye)硫酸(suan)200~250g/L,緩蝕(shi)劑(ji)硫脲0.3~0.5g/L,溫(wen)度(du)80~98℃,時間3~5min)→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→化學拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)(按表(biao)3-1中(zhong)配方8或其他)→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→電解拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)(按表(biao)3-3中(zhong)配方,適當選取)→熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→鈍化→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→中(zhong)和→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(90~98℃)→烘干。
工藝流(liu)程 3
適合于切削加工馬氏體不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)制品,經一次電化學拋光、鈍化得成品。裝夾具→電化學除油(氫氧化鈉15~25g/L,碳酸鈉25~35g/L,磷酸三鈉10~20g/L,溫度55~60℃,陽極DA2~5A/d㎡2,時間1~2min)→熱水洗→冷水洗→酸蝕[硫酸(d=1.84)10%~15%(質量分數),室溫,30~60秒]→冷水洗→電化學拋光(溶液按表3-3配方7配制)→冷水洗→冷水洗→鈍化(硝酸250mL/L,重鉻酸鉀20g/L,室溫,時間<30min;或重鉻酸鉀15g/L,氫氧化鈉3g/L,pH6.5~7.5,溫度60~80℃,時間3min)→冷水洗→冷水洗→中和(只用鈍化前一個配方時進行,碳酸鈉20~30g/L)→冷水洗→冷水洗→熱水洗→干燥(壓縮空氣吹干)。
工藝流(liu)程 4
適合于有焊(han)接縫(feng)氧化皮的(de)不銹鋼。裝夾(jia)具→除油→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→去氧化皮(氫(qing)氧化鈉95~105g/L,碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉100~200g/L,高錳酸(suan)(suan)鉀80~90g/L,溫(wen)度(du)60~70℃,零件掛(gua)陽極,DA35~45A/d㎡2,時間7~9min,陰極掛(gua)鉛板)→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)[硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)10%~15%(質量分數(shu))]→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→光亮浸蝕(硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)100mL/L,硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)170mL/L,氫(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)50mL/L,室溫(wen),5~10min)→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→電(dian)化學(xue)拋光(按表3-3配方11進行(xing))→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→鈍化(硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)500mL/L,重(zhong)鉻酸(suan)(suan)鉀10g/L,室溫(wen),時間10min)→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→中和(碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉20~30g/L,室溫(wen),2min)→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→熱水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→吹干→下夾(jia)具。