凡是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩端開口并(bing)具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)空(kong)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)，而且其(qi)長(chang)(chang)度(du)與斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)之(zhi)比(bi)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)材，都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)稱(cheng)為鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)。當長(chang)(chang)度(du)與斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)之(zhi)比(bi)較小(xiao)時，可(ke)(ke)稱(cheng)為管(guan)段(duan)或管(guan)形(xing)配(pei)件，它(ta)們都屬于管(guan)材產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇。鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)經濟斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)材，是(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)產(chan)品，通常占全部(bu)鋼(gang)(gang)材總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8%~16%左右，它(ta)在國(guo)民經濟中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用范圍極為廣(guang)泛(fan)。由于鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)具(ju)有(you)空(kong)心(xin)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)，因(yin)而最適合作液體(ti)、氣體(ti)和固體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)送管(guan)道(dao)；同(tong)(tong)時與相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓鋼(gang)(gang)比(bi)較，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)系數(shu)大(da)(da)、抗(kang)彎抗(kang)扭(niu)強度(du)大(da)(da)，所以(yi)也(ye)成為各(ge)種(zhong)機(ji)械和建筑(zhu)結構(gou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)材料。用鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)和部(bu)件，在重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)相(xiang)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，比(bi)實心(xin)零部(bu)件具(ju)有(you)更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)截面(mian)(mian)模數(shu)。所以(yi)，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)本身就是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)節(jie)約金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)材，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高效鋼(gang)(gang)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成部(bu)分，尤(you)其(qi)在石油鉆采、冶煉和輸(shu)送等(deng)(deng)行業(ye)(ye)需(xu)求較大(da)(da)，其(qi)次(ci)地(di)質鉆探、化工(gong)(gong)、建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、機(ji)械工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、飛機(ji)和汽車制造以(yi)及鍋爐、醫療(liao)器械、家具(ju)和自行車制造等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)也(ye)都需(xu)要(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)。近年來，隨著原(yuan)子能、火箭(jian)、導彈和航天工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)在國(guo)防工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、科學技術和經濟建設中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位愈加重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。

  鋼(gang)管的種類繁多，用途不同，其技術(shu)要(yao)求各(ge)異，生產方法亦有所不同。目(mu)前生產的鋼(gang)管外徑范圍0.1~4500mm、壁厚(hou)范圍0.01~250mm.為(wei)了區分其特點(dian)，通常按如下的方法對鋼(gang)管進行(xing)分類。

1. 按生產方式分類

  鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按生產方式分為無(wu)(wu)縫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)兩大類，無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又可(ke)分為熱軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，冷軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、冷拔管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和擠壓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等，冷拔、冷軋是(shi)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的二(er)次加工；焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分為直縫焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和螺旋(xuan)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。

2. 按鋼管(guan)的斷(duan)面(mian)形狀分類

  鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)按橫斷面形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀可(ke)分為圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)和異形(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。異形(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)有矩形(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)、六方(fang)(fang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、八(ba)方(fang)(fang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)以及各種斷面不對稱管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。異形(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)廣泛用于各種結構件、工具(ju)和機械零部件。與圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)相(xiang)比，異形(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)般都(dou)有較(jiao)大的慣(guan)性矩和截面模數，有較(jiao)大的抗彎、抗扭(niu)能力，可(ke)以大大減輕結構重量，節(jie)約(yue)鋼材。

  鋼管(guan)按縱斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)可分(fen)為等斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)管(guan)和變(bian)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)管(guan)。變(bian)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)管(guan)有錐形(xing)管(guan)、階梯(ti)形(xing)管(guan)和周期(qi)斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)管(guan)等。

3. 按鋼管的材質分類

  鋼管按材質分為普通碳素鋼管、優質碳素結構鋼管、合金結構管、合金鋼管、軸承鋼管、不銹鋼管以及為節省貴重金屬和滿足特殊要求的雙金屬復合管、鍍層和涂層管等。

4. 按管端形狀(zhuang)分類

  鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)根據管(guan)(guan)(guan)端狀態可分(fen)為(wei)光管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)車(che)絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)（帶螺紋鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)）。車(che)絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)又可分(fen)為(wei)普通(tong)(tong)車(che)絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)（輸(shu)送水、煤氣等(deng)低壓(ya)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)，采(cai)(cai)用普通(tong)(tong)圓柱(zhu)或(huo)圓錐管(guan)(guan)(guan)螺紋連接）和(he)特殊螺紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)（石油、地(di)質鉆探用管(guan)(guan)(guan)，對(dui)于重(zhong)要的(de)(de)車(che)絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)，采(cai)(cai)用特殊螺紋連接），對(dui)一些(xie)特殊用管(guan)(guan)(guan)，為(wei)彌補螺紋對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)端強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)影響，通(tong)(tong)常在車(che)絲前先進行管(guan)(guan)(guan)端加(jia)厚（內(nei)(nei)加(jia)厚、外加(jia)厚或(huo)內(nei)(nei)外加(jia)厚）。

5. 按外徑D和壁厚S之(zhi)比（D/S)分類

  按(an)外徑(jing)D和(he)壁(bi)厚S之(zhi)比的(de)不同將鋼(gang)管(guan)分為特厚管(guan)（D/S≤10)、厚壁(bi)管(guan)（D/S=10~20)、薄壁(bi)管(guan)（D/S=20~40)和(he)極薄壁(bi)管(guan)（D/S≥40)。

6. 按用(yong)途分類(lei)

  按用途可(ke)分(fen)為油井(jing)管(guan)（套管(guan)、油管(guan)及(ji)鉆桿等(deng)）、管(guan)線管(guan)、鍋爐管(guan)、機械(xie)結構管(guan)、液(ye)壓支柱管(guan)、氣瓶管(guan)、地質管(guan)、化工用管(guan)（高壓化肥管(guan)、石油裂化管(guan)）和船舶用管(guan)等(deng)。