給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統的合(he)理(li)設置及給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管道(dao)的管材(cai)、防腐(fu)、閥門(men)等的合(he)理(li)選(xuan)擇，防止了(le)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)和(he)土壤受到污染，保證了(le)石油化工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)安(an)全運行。埋地(di)給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管道(dao)用(yong)的管材(cai)應根據內水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)力、流量(liang)、環境介質(zhi)及管材(cai)材(cai)質(zhi)等綜合(he)因素確(que)定(ding)。

 1. 給排水系統

  石(shi)化(hua)給排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般可(ke)分(fen)為給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包括生活(huo)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生產給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及回用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)分(fen)為含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等。

   ①. 含(han)(han)(han)油(you)污水系統主要排(pai)(pai)放各生產裝(zhuang)置、輔(fu)助設(she)施排(pai)(pai)出的(de)含(han)(han)(han)油(you)污水，含(han)(han)(han)油(you)污水通過排(pai)(pai)污井或漏斗(dou)收集，重力(li)流進入隔油(you)池，預處理(li)(li)后由泵提升(sheng)至廠(chang)區內(nei)污水處理(li)(li)場(chang)處理(li)(li)達標后排(pai)(pai)放。裝(zhuang)置污染區15min 前(qian)的(de)初期雨水也進入含(han)(han)(han)油(you)污水系統。

   ②. 生產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)主要(yao)排放裝(zhuang)置污(wu)染區15min以后(hou)的后(hou)期(qi)雨水(shui)，通(tong)過明溝收集進(jin)入(ru)生產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)，經泵加壓提升至污(wu)水(shui)處理場處理達標后(hou)排放。

   ③. 清凈雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)為廠(chang)區道路雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)，通過管道收(shou)集后進(jin)入(ru)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)調峰池，經監測無污染后可直接外排或處理后再利用。

   ④. 生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)來自廁所(suo)、食堂、浴室(shi)生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)，經化糞(fen)池后壓(ya)力排往污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理場的(de)生化池。生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)需單獨收集，個別生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)需排入(ru)(ru)生產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)、含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)時，在接(jie)入(ru)(ru)前需設水(shui)(shui)封設施(shi)，以(yi)防止生產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)有害(hai)氣體竄入(ru)(ru)生活(huo)設施(shi)。

 2. 管材選用

  除(chu)生活給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)內部分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)，其余給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)般(ban)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)建議(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)輸(shu)送流(liu)體(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，也有的采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓流(liu)體(ti)輸(shu)送用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。球墨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕性能較(jiao)強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較(jiao)厚、對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)基礎的要求較(jiao)低(di)(di)、施工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)。生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)室(shi)內部分(fen)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，粘接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)；室(shi)外(wai)部分(fen)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓流(liu)體(ti)輸(shu)送用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，以避免過(guo)路時生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)被壓損。鋼(gang)(gang)骨架增強(qiang)塑料(liao)復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材，具(ju)有機械強(qiang)度高、耐溫性能好、雙面防腐、節能等優點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕大部分(fen)石油化工給(gei)埋地排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)材料(liao)的選用(yong)(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕(shi)設計

  給(gei)排水管道(dao)(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)的(de)好壞直接影(ying)響管道(dao)(dao)壽命，因此根據實(shi)際情況選擇(ze)合(he)適防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)方案及等級(ji)是非常(chang)重要的(de)。根據SH／T 3022《石(shi)油(you)化工(gong)設(she)備和(he)管道(dao)(dao)涂(tu)料防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)設(she)計標準(zhun)》，埋地管道(dao)(dao)外(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)青(qing)漆、環(huan)氧煤(mei)(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)漆、聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)。石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)層(ceng)結構成本(ben)低(di)(di)，但需(xu)在施工(gong)現場(chang)加熱石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)青(qing)，且對環(huan)境(jing)有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)污染，已漸漸淡(dan)出市場(chang)。聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)層(ceng)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)性(xing)能優異，但其成本(ben)高、施工(gong)工(gong)藝較復雜(za)、焊縫處易形(xing)成空鼓(gu)、補口操作復雜(za)。環(huan)氧煤(mei)(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)層(ceng)結構成本(ben)較聚乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶(dai)低(di)(di)，具有一(yi)(yi)次成膜厚、耐酸堿、施工(gong)簡單等優點，一(yi)(yi)般選用(yong)(yong)環(huan)氧煤(mei)(mei)瀝(li)青(qing)漆進(jin)行(xing)埋地管道(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)。管道(dao)(dao)穿井壁處需(xu)設(she)置防(fang)(fang)水套管，防(fang)(fang)止管道(dao)(dao)泄漏。