給(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)系統(tong)的(de)合理(li)設(she)置及(ji)給(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)管道的(de)管材(cai)、防腐、閥門等(deng)的(de)合理(li)選(xuan)擇，防止了地下水(shui)和土壤受到(dao)污染(ran)，保(bao)證了石油化工企(qi)業安全(quan)運行。埋地給(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)管道用的(de)管材(cai)應根據內水(shui)壓力、流量(liang)、環境介質及(ji)管材(cai)材(cai)質等(deng)綜合因素確(que)定。

 1. 給(gei)排水系統

  石化(hua)給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)一般可分為給水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。給水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)包括生(sheng)活(huo)給水(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)產(chan)給水(shui)(shui)、循(xun)環水(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)及回用水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可分為含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)等。

   ①. 含(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統主(zhu)要(yao)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)各生(sheng)產裝置、輔助設施排(pai)(pai)出的含(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，含(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)通過排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)井或漏斗(dou)收集，重力流(liu)進入隔(ge)油池，預處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)由(you)泵(beng)提升至(zhi)廠區(qu)內污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)場處(chu)(chu)理(li)達標(biao)后(hou)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)。裝置污(wu)(wu)染(ran)區(qu)15min 前的初(chu)期雨水(shui)也(ye)進入含(han)油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統。

   ②. 生產(chan)污水(shui)系統主要排放裝置污染區15min以后的后期(qi)雨水(shui)，通過明溝收集(ji)進入生產(chan)污水(shui)系統，經泵加壓提升(sheng)至污水(shui)處理(li)場處理(li)達標后排放。

   ③. 清凈雨水系統為廠區(qu)道路雨水，通過管道收(shou)集后進入雨水調峰池，經監測無污(wu)染后可直接外(wai)排或處理后再利用。

   ④. 生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)來自廁所、食堂(tang)、浴(yu)室生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，經化(hua)糞池后壓力排往污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理場(chang)的生(sheng)化(hua)池。生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)需(xu)單獨收(shou)集，個(ge)別(bie)生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)需(xu)排入(ru)生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)、含油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)時(shi)，在接入(ru)前需(xu)設(she)水(shui)封設(she)施，以防止生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)的有害氣體竄(cuan)入(ru)生(sheng)活設(she)施。

 2. 管(guan)材選用

  除生活(huo)給(gei)(gei)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)(su)料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)，其余給(gei)(gei)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)般鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)。含(han)油污(wu)水(shui)、生產污(wu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)建議采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輸送流(liu)體用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，也有的(de)(de)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低壓(ya)流(liu)體輸送用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承(cheng)插連(lian)接(jie)(jie)。球墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕性(xing)能較(jiao)強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較(jiao)厚、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)要(yao)求較(jiao)低、施工(gong)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低。生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)室內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑排水(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，粘接(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)；室外(wai)部(bu)分(fen)一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低壓(ya)流(liu)體輸送用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，以避免過路時生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)被壓(ya)損。鋼(gang)骨架增強(qiang)塑(su)(su)料(liao)復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材，具有機械強(qiang)度高、耐溫性(xing)能好、雙面防腐、節(jie)能等優點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)絕大部(bu)分(fen)石油化工(gong)給(gei)(gei)埋地(di)(di)排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)見(jian)表(biao)4.3.32。

 3. 防腐(fu)蝕設計

  給排水管道(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)的(de)好(hao)壞直接影響管道(dao)壽命，因此根(gen)據實(shi)際(ji)情況選擇合適防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)方案(an)及等級(ji)是非常重要的(de)。根(gen)據SH／T 3022《石油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)設備和管道(dao)涂(tu)(tu)料防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)設計(ji)標準(zhun)》，埋(mai)地(di)(di)管道(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)可采(cai)用石油瀝青(qing)漆(qi)、環(huan)氧煤瀝青(qing)漆(qi)、聚乙烯膠(jiao)黏帶(dai)進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。石油瀝青(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)(tu)層結(jie)構成本低，但(dan)需在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)加熱石油瀝青(qing)，且對環(huan)境(jing)有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)污(wu)染(ran)，已(yi)漸漸淡出市場(chang)。聚乙烯膠(jiao)黏帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)層防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性能優異，但(dan)其成本高(gao)、施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝較(jiao)復(fu)雜、焊縫處(chu)易形成空鼓、補口操作復(fu)雜。環(huan)氧煤瀝青(qing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)(tu)層結(jie)構成本較(jiao)聚乙烯膠(jiao)黏帶(dai)低，具有一(yi)(yi)次(ci)成膜厚、耐(nai)酸堿、施工(gong)(gong)簡單等優點，一(yi)(yi)般選用環(huan)氧煤瀝青(qing)漆(qi)進行埋(mai)地(di)(di)管道(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。管道(dao)穿井壁處(chu)需設置防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水套(tao)管，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止管道(dao)泄(xie)漏。