給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)的合(he)理(li)設置及給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管道(dao)的管材(cai)、防(fang)腐、閥門等的合(he)理(li)選擇，防(fang)止了地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)和土壤(rang)受到污(wu)染，保證了石(shi)油化工(gong)企業(ye)安(an)全運(yun)行。埋地給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管道(dao)用的管材(cai)應(ying)根據內水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓力、流(liu)量、環境介(jie)質及管材(cai)材(cai)質等綜(zong)合(he)因素(su)確定。

 1. 給排水系統

  石(shi)化給(gei)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統一般(ban)可分為(wei)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統和排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統。給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統包括生(sheng)活(huo)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)產給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及回用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統。排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統可分為(wei)含油(you)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統、生(sheng)產污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統、清(qing)凈雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統、生(sheng)活(huo)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統等。

   ①. 含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統主要排放(fang)各(ge)生產(chan)裝置、輔助(zhu)設(she)施排出(chu)的含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)，含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)通(tong)過排污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)井(jing)或漏斗收(shou)集，重力(li)流進入隔(ge)油(you)池，預處理(li)后由泵提升至廠區(qu)內污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理(li)場(chang)處理(li)達(da)標后排放(fang)。裝置污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)區(qu)15min 前(qian)的初(chu)期雨水(shui)也(ye)進入含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統。

   ②. 生(sheng)產污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統主要排(pai)(pai)放裝置污染區15min以后(hou)(hou)的后(hou)(hou)期(qi)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，通過明溝收集進入生(sheng)產污水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統，經(jing)泵加壓提升至污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理場處(chu)理達標后(hou)(hou)排(pai)(pai)放。

   ③. 清凈雨(yu)水系統為廠區道(dao)路雨(yu)水，通過管道(dao)收集后進入雨(yu)水調(diao)峰(feng)池(chi)，經監測無污染后可直接外(wai)排或處理后再利(li)用。

   ④. 生活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)來自(zi)廁所、食堂、浴室生活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，經化糞池(chi)后壓力排往污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理場的(de)生化池(chi)。生活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)需單獨收集，個別生活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)需排入(ru)生產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)、含油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)時，在接入(ru)前需設(she)水(shui)封設(she)施，以防止生產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)有(you)害氣體竄(cuan)入(ru)生活(huo)設(she)施。

 2. 管材選用

  除生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活給水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外，其余給水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)般(ban)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。含油污(wu)水、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產污(wu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)議(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輸送(song)流(liu)體用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，也有的采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低壓(ya)流(liu)體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨(yu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承(cheng)插連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。球墨鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕性(xing)能較強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較厚、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)基礎(chu)的要求較低、施工(gong)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)室(shi)內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑排(pai)水用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，粘接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)；室(shi)外部(bu)分(fen)一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低壓(ya)流(liu)體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，以避免過路時(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)被壓(ya)損。鋼骨架增強(qiang)塑料(liao)(liao)復合(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)，具(ju)有機械強(qiang)度高(gao)、耐溫(wen)性(xing)能好、雙面防腐、節能等優點，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕(jue)大部(bu)分(fen)石油化工(gong)給埋地排(pai)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)見(jian)表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕設計

  給(gei)排水管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)腐(fu)的好壞(huai)直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壽命，因此根(gen)據實際情(qing)況選擇合(he)適防(fang)腐(fu)方案及等級是非(fei)常重要的。根(gen)據SH／T 3022《石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工設備和管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)涂(tu)料防(fang)腐(fu)蝕設計標準》，埋地管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)腐(fu)可(ke)采用石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)青漆、環(huan)氧煤瀝(li)青漆、聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)腐(fu)。石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)青防(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)層結構(gou)成本(ben)低，但(dan)需(xu)在施(shi)工現場(chang)加熱石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)青，且對環(huan)境有一(yi)定(ding)的污染，已漸漸淡出市場(chang)。聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶防(fang)腐(fu)層防(fang)腐(fu)性能優異，但(dan)其成本(ben)高、施(shi)工工藝較(jiao)復雜(za)、焊(han)縫處易形成空鼓、補口操作復雜(za)。環(huan)氧煤瀝(li)青防(fang)腐(fu)涂(tu)層結構(gou)成本(ben)較(jiao)聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶低，具有一(yi)次成膜厚(hou)、耐酸(suan)堿、施(shi)工簡單等優點(dian)，一(yi)般選用環(huan)氧煤瀝(li)青漆進(jin)行(xing)埋地管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)腐(fu)。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)穿(chuan)井壁處需(xu)設置防(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)，防(fang)止管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)泄(xie)漏。