空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)（簡稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)）是以(yi)環境空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)高(gao)溫(wen)工(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)體的(de)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)，也稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)(guan)內的(de)熱(re)(re)流(liu)(liu)體通過(guo)管(guan)(guan)壁和(he)翅片與(yu)管(guan)(guan)外(wai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換熱(re)(re)，所(suo)用(yong)的(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通常由(you)通風機供(gong)給。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)可用(yong)于冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)凝，廣泛應用(yong)于：煉油(you)、石油(you)化工(gong)塔(ta)頂蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)凝；回流(liu)(liu)油(you)、塔(ta)底油(you)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；各種反應生成物的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；循(xun)環氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)和(he)電站汽輪機排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)凝。工(gong)作壓力可達69MPa。但耗(hao)電量、噪(zao)聲和(he)占(zhan)地(di)面積均大(da)，冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)效果受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化影響較大(da)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)標準(zhun)主要有API 661《煉油(you)廠用(yong)通用(yong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、ISO 13706《石油(you)、石化和(he)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)業風冷(leng)(leng)式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)》等。
1. 空氣冷卻器的結(jie)構(gou)
空氣(qi)冷卻(que)器主要由管束、通風機、構架(jia)及百葉(xie)窗等組(zu)成(cheng)，如圖(tu)7.12所示。
空氣(qi)冷卻器管束包括傳(chuan)熱(re)管、管箱、側(ce)梁(liang)和橫梁(liang)等(deng)。它(ta)可按臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、立式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和斜頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（人字式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）3種基(ji)本形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置，見圖7.13。其中，臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置傳(chuan)熱(re)面積(ji)大，空氣(qi)分(fen)布(bu)均勻，傳(chuan)熱(re)效果好；斜頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置時，通(tong)風機安裝在人字中央空間，占地面積(ji)小，結構緊湊。為抵消(xiao)空氣(qi)側(ce)的給(gei)熱(re)系(xi)數較低的影響，通(tong)常采(cai)用光管外(wai)壁(bi)裝翅片(pian)的管子。
2. 空冷器的分類(lei)
①. 按空冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)管束布(bu)置形式分類：水(shui)平式全(quan)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)；斜頂式空冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)；立式空冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)；圓環式空冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
②. 按空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)通風(feng)(feng)方式(shi)分類：自然通風(feng)(feng)式(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；鼓風(feng)(feng)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；引風(feng)(feng)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
③. 按空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻方式(shi)分類：干式(shi)全冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)：濕式(shi)空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；干濕聯(lian)合空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；兩側噴淋聯(lian)合空冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
④. 按(an)空(kong)冷器(qi)風(feng)量控制(zhi)方式分(fen)類(lei)：百(bai)葉窗調(diao)節式全冷器(qi)；可變角調(diao)節式空(kong)冷器(qi)；電動機調(diao)速式空(kong)冷器(qi)。
圖7.14所示(shi)(shi)為不同(tong)類(lei)型空(kong)冷器示(shi)(shi)意圖。
3. 空(kong)冷器的(de)優(you)點(dian)與缺(que)點(dian)
