空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)（簡稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)）是以(yi)環境空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)高溫工藝流(liu)(liu)體的(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)，也稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)。管內的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)流(liu)(liu)體通(tong)過管壁和翅片與(yu)管外空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)，所用(yong)(yong)的(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常(chang)由通(tong)風機(ji)供給。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝，廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)：煉(lian)油(you)、石油(you)化工塔(ta)頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝；回流(liu)(liu)油(you)、塔(ta)底油(you)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；各種反應(ying)生成(cheng)物的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；循環氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)和電站汽輪機(ji)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝。工作壓力可(ke)達69MPa。但耗電量、噪聲(sheng)和占地面(mian)積均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)效果(guo)受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化影響較(jiao)大。空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)標(biao)準主要有API 661《煉(lian)油(you)廠用(yong)(yong)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)》、ISO 13706《石油(you)、石化和天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工業風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)》等(deng)。
1. 空(kong)氣(qi)冷卻(que)器的結構
空氣冷卻器主要由管束、通風機、構架及百葉窗(chuang)等組成，如圖7.12所示(shi)。
空氣冷卻器管(guan)(guan)束包括傳熱管(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)箱、側梁和橫梁等(deng)。它可按臥式(shi)、立式(shi)和斜頂式(shi)（人字式(shi)）3種基本形式(shi)布置(zhi)(zhi)，見圖(tu)7.13。其中(zhong)，臥式(shi)布置(zhi)(zhi)傳熱面(mian)積大，空氣分布均勻，傳熱效(xiao)果(guo)好；斜頂式(shi)布置(zhi)(zhi)時，通風機(ji)安裝在人字中(zhong)央空間，占地面(mian)積小(xiao)，結構(gou)緊(jin)湊。為抵消(xiao)空氣側的(de)(de)給熱系數較低的(de)(de)影響，通常采用(yong)光管(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅片的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)子。
2. 空冷器的分(fen)類
①. 按空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)束布置(zhi)形式(shi)分(fen)類：水平(ping)式(shi)全冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；斜頂(ding)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；立式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)；圓(yuan)環式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
②. 按空冷器通(tong)風(feng)(feng)方(fang)式(shi)分類(lei)：自然通(tong)風(feng)(feng)式(shi)全冷器；鼓(gu)風(feng)(feng)式(shi)空冷器；引風(feng)(feng)式(shi)空冷器。
③. 按空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)冷(leng)卻方式(shi)分類：干(gan)式(shi)全(quan)冷(leng)器(qi)：濕式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；干(gan)濕聯合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)；兩側噴(pen)淋(lin)聯合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)。
④. 按空冷器(qi)風(feng)量控制方式(shi)(shi)分類：百葉窗調(diao)(diao)節式(shi)(shi)全(quan)冷器(qi)；可(ke)變角(jiao)調(diao)(diao)節式(shi)(shi)空冷器(qi)；電(dian)動機調(diao)(diao)速式(shi)(shi)空冷器(qi)。
圖(tu)7.14所示為(wei)不同類(lei)型空冷器(qi)示意(yi)圖(tu)。
3. 空冷器(qi)的優點與缺點
