空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器(qi)（簡稱(cheng)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)）是以環(huan)境空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作為冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)介質(zhi)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)高溫(wen)工藝流體的換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)，也稱(cheng)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。管內(nei)的熱(re)(re)流體通過管壁(bi)和(he)(he)翅片與管外(wai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)換(huan)熱(re)(re)，所用(yong)的空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通常(chang)由(you)通風機供給。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)器(qi)可用(yong)于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)或(huo)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)，廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于：煉油、石油化(hua)工塔頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)；回(hui)流油、塔底油的冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；各種反(fan)應生成物的冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)；循環(huan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體的冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)和(he)(he)電站(zhan)汽輪(lun)機排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)。工作壓(ya)力(li)可達69MPa。但耗電量、噪聲和(he)(he)占地面積均大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)效果受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)影響較大。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)標準主要有(you)API 661《煉油廠用(yong)通用(yong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)(que)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、ISO 13706《石油、石化(hua)和(he)(he)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工業風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)》等。

1. 空氣冷卻器(qi)的結構

  空(kong)氣冷卻(que)器(qi)主要由管束(shu)、通風機、構架及百葉(xie)窗等組成，如圖7.12所示。

  空(kong)氣冷卻(que)器管束包括傳(chuan)熱管、管箱、側(ce)(ce)梁和橫梁等(deng)。它可(ke)按(an)臥(wo)式(shi)、立式(shi)和斜頂(ding)式(shi)（人字式(shi)）3種(zhong)基(ji)本(ben)形式(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)，見圖(tu)7.13。其中，臥(wo)式(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)傳(chuan)熱面積(ji)大，空(kong)氣分(fen)布(bu)均勻，傳(chuan)熱效果(guo)好；斜頂(ding)式(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)時，通風機安裝在人字中央空(kong)間，占(zhan)地面積(ji)小，結構(gou)緊湊(cou)。為抵(di)消(xiao)空(kong)氣側(ce)(ce)的給熱系數較低的影響(xiang)，通常采用光管外壁裝翅片的管子。

2. 空冷器(qi)的分類(lei)

  ①. 按空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器管束(shu)布置形式分類：水平(ping)式全(quan)冷(leng)(leng)器；斜頂(ding)式空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器；立式空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器；圓環式空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器。

  ②. 按空(kong)冷(leng)器通風(feng)(feng)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)分類(lei)：自(zi)然通風(feng)(feng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)全冷(leng)器；鼓風(feng)(feng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器；引風(feng)(feng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)器。

  ③. 按空(kong)冷器(qi)冷卻方(fang)式分(fen)類：干式全冷器(qi)：濕(shi)(shi)式空(kong)冷器(qi)；干濕(shi)(shi)聯(lian)合空(kong)冷器(qi)；兩側(ce)噴淋(lin)聯(lian)合空(kong)冷器(qi)。

  ④. 按空冷器(qi)風量控制方式分類：百(bai)葉(xie)窗調(diao)(diao)節式全冷器(qi)；可變角調(diao)(diao)節式空冷器(qi)；電(dian)動(dong)機調(diao)(diao)速式空冷器(qi)。

圖7.14所示(shi)為不同類型空冷器(qi)示(shi)意圖。

3. 空冷器的優點(dian)與缺點(dian)