管殼式換熱(re)器(qi)又稱(cheng)列管式換熱(re)器(qi)。是(shi)以(yi)封閉在殼體中管束的壁面作為(wei)傳熱(re)面的間壁式換熱(re)器(qi)。這(zhe)種(zhong)換熱(re)器(qi)結(jie)構較(jiao)簡(jian)單，操(cao)作可靠，可用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)結(jie)構材料（主要(yao)是(shi)金屬(shu)材料）制造，能在高溫、高壓(ya)下使用(yong)，是(shi)目前應用(yong)最廣的類型。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)由(you)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體、傳熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流(liu)(liu)(liu)板(ban)(ban)（擋板(ban)(ban)）和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等(deng)(deng)部件組(zu)成。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體多(duo)為(wei)圓筒形，內部裝有管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩(liang)端固定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)又與外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)連接(jie)在(zai)一起。進行換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)冷、熱(re)(re)(re)兩(liang)種流(liu)(liu)(liu)體，一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體；另(ling)一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體。為(wei)提高(gao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)(liu)(liu)體的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)膜系數，通常在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體內安(an)裝若(ruo)干擋板(ban)(ban)。擋板(ban)(ban)可提高(gao)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體速度(du)，迫使流(liu)(liu)(liu)體按規定路程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)次橫(heng)向通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增強流(liu)(liu)(liu)體湍流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)。圖7.2（a）為(wei)最簡單的(de)(de)(de)單殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)按結構(gou)特點分為(wei)固定管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、浮頭(tou)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、填函式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、雙(shuang)重管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)和(he)雙(shuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)等(deng)(deng)，前3種應(ying)用比較普(pu)遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)由許(xu)(xu)多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)增加流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)空間的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)速(su)，以提(ti)高換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)系數，改善換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)情況，在筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)內間隔安(an)裝(zhuang)了(le)許(xu)(xu)多折流(liu)(liu)擋板(ban)。換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)和兩側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)上（對(dui)于偶數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，則在一(yi)側(ce)）開(kai)有流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)進出口(kou)(kou)，有時還在其上裝(zhuang)設(she)檢(jian)查孔，為(wei)(wei)安(an)置(zhi)儀(yi)表用的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)口(kou)(kou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排(pai)(pai)液孔和排(pai)(pai)氣孔等。在換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，一(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)從一(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)進管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)里(li)，經另(ling)(ling)一(yi)側(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)出（對(dui)奇數單(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），或繞過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)，流(liu)(liu)回進口(kou)(kou)側(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)出（對(dui)偶數管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)每(mei)通(tong)過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)一(yi)次稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)。另(ling)(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)從筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)上的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進出換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，流(liu)(liu)經管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)外(wai)，每(mei)通(tong)過殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)一(yi)次稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示為(wei)(wei)二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)、單(dan)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，工程(cheng)(cheng)上稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)1-2型換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（此處(chu)1表示殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)數，2表示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)數）。同樣，在換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)內加縱向擋板(ban)也能得到多殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)結構，見圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的規定，管殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱器主(zhu)要部件如(ru)圖7.3所示。