在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨香蕉視頻app連接:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)拋光(guang)(guang)等。粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了消(xiao)(xiao)除(chu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)擦(ca)傷(shang)、壓痕、蝕點等缺陷，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)和(he)降低粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)，為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下(xia)(xia)基礎。精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了消(xiao)(xiao)除(chu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)紋(wen)路，進(jin)一步提(ti)(ti)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)和(he)降低粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)。拋光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)降低密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)，一般用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)Ra在(zai)(zai)0.2μm以下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)管(guan)粗(cu)(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還是(shi)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整(zheng)個(ge)過(guo)程始(shi)終貫(guan)穿(chuan)提(ti)(ti)起(qi)、放下(xia)(xia)、旋轉、往復(fu)、輕敲(qiao)、換向等操作相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程。其目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)避(bi)免(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒(li)軌(gui)跡重復(fu)，使(shi)(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)(dao)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)，降低粗(cu)(cu)糙(cao)度(du)。在(zai)(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)始(shi)終貫(guan)穿(chuan)著檢(jian)驗(yan)過(guo)程，其目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到(dao)(dao)心中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有數(shu)，使(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量達到(dao)(dao)技術要(yao)求。在(zai)(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，清潔工(gong)作是(shi)很(hen)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)做到(dao)(dao)“三(san)不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)”，即被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)、工(gong)具(ju)(ju)不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)、物料(liao)不(bu)落(luo)地(di)(di)；“三(san)不(bu)見天”，即顯示劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上蓋(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上蓋(gai)、稀釋劑(ji)(ji)（液(ye)(ye)）用(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)上蓋(gai)；“三(san)干(gan)凈(jing)”，即研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前要(yao)抹洗干(gan)凈(jing)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)清洗干(gan)凈(jing)、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)和(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)抹洗干(gan)凈(jing)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)注意檢(jian)查(cha)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)不(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何疤點臺肩相摩擦(ca)，使(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)(ju)運動(dong)平(ping)穩(wen)，保(bao)證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量。經過(guo)滲(shen)氨、滲(shen)硼等表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)小心謹慎(shen)，因為(wei)滲(shen)透層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增(zeng)大而(er)明顯下(xia)(xia)降，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削量應(ying)盡量小，最好進(jin)行拋光(guang)(guang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，至(zhi)少要(yao)精研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，如達不(bu)到(dao)(dao)要(yao)求，就將殘存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透層(ceng)(ceng)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重新(xin)滲(shen)透處(chu)理(li)(li)，恢復(fu)原(yuan)有密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門(men)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)經過(guo)深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)定型(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一經深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)就會(hui)變形。深(shen)(shen)冷(leng)處(chu)理(li)(li)可在(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)氨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行。刀(dao)(dao)(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一般寬度(du)為(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)變寬，應(ying)注意恢復(fu)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原(yuan)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)車削或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法恢復(fu)寬度(du)尺寸。

  研具使(shi)用后(hou)應(ying)進(jin)行一次檢查，對平整度不(bu)高的平面要修理好，并應(ying)清洗(xi)干凈(jing)，保(bao)持(chi)完整。要分門別類地把研磨(mo)工(gong)具擺放在工(gong)具箱內，以(yi)便以(yi)后(hou)使(shi)用。

  研磨(mo)(mo)分平(ping)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)、錐(zhui)形密(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)、圓弧密(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)、圓柱體密(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)(mo)等幾種。

①. 閥體平面(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)的研磨 

  閥(fa)體密(mi)封平(ping)面(mian)位于(yu)閥(fa)體內(nei)腔(qiang)，研磨比(bi)較困難。通常(chang)使(shi)用帶(dai)(dai)方孔的(de)(de)圓盤狀(zhuang)研磨工(gong)具(ju)，放(fang)在內(nei)腔(qiang)的(de)(de)密(mi)封面(mian)上，再用帶(dai)(dai)方頭的(de)(de)長(chang)柄(bing)手(shou)把來帶(dai)(dai)動研盤運動。研盤上有圓柱凸臺或引導墊(dian)片，以(yi)防止在研磨過程(cheng)中研具(ju)局部離(li)開(kai)環(huan)狀(zhuang)密(mi)封面(mian)而造成研磨不勻(yun)的(de)(de)現(xian)象。圖4-71為(wei)閘(zha)閥(fa)密(mi)封面(mian)的(de)(de)手(shou)工(gong)研磨。

  研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)前應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)研具(ju)(ju)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)丙(bing)酮(tong)或汽油擦凈(jing)，并(bing)(bing)去(qu)除閥(fa)(fa)體(ti)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)飛邊、毛刺，再(zai)(zai)在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂(tu)敷(fu)一層研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)。研具(ju)(ju)放入閥(fa)(fa)體(ti)內(nei)腔時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)仔細地(di)貼合在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后(hou)(hou)采用(yong)長柄手把使(shi)研盤做正、反(fan)方向的(de)回(hui)(hui)(hui)轉運動。先(xian)順(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)針回(hui)(hui)(hui)轉180°,再(zai)(zai)逆時(shi)(shi)(shi)針回(hui)(hui)(hui)轉90°,如(ru)此(ci)反(fan)復地(di)進行(xing)。一般回(hui)(hui)(hui)轉10余(yu)次后(hou)(hou)研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)中的(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒便已(yi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)鈍，故應(ying)(ying)該經(jing)常(chang)(chang)抬起研盤來添(tian)新的(de)研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)。研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)壓(ya)力要(yao)均(jun)勻，且不(bu)宜(yi)過大。粗研時(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)力可大些，精(jing)研時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)較(jiao)小。應(ying)(ying)注意不(bu)要(yao)因施加壓(ya)力使(shi)研具(ju)(ju)局部脫開密(mi)(mi)封(feng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)一段時(shi)(shi)(shi)間后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)檢查工(gong)件的(de)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可取出(chu)(chu)研具(ju)(ju)，用(yong)丙(bing)酮(tong)或汽油將(jiang)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)擦凈(jing)，再(zai)(zai)將(jiang)圓盤形的(de)檢驗平板(ban)輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)放在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)并(bing)(bing)用(yong)手輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)旋動，取出(chu)(chu)平板(ban)后(hou)(hou)就可觀察(cha)到(dao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)接(jie)觸痕(hen)跡。當環狀密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)均(jun)勻地(di)顯示接(jie)觸痕(hen)跡，而徑向最小接(jie)觸寬度(du)(du)與密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)寬度(du)(du)之(zhi)比（即密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與檢驗平板(ban)的(de)吻合度(du)(du)）達(da)到(dao)工(gong)藝(yi)上(shang)規定的(de)數(shu)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)，平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)就可認為合格。為了保證(zheng)檢驗的(de)準確性，檢驗平板(ban)應(ying)(ying)經(jing)常(chang)(chang)檢查、修整。

②. 閘板、閥瓣平面密(mi)封面的研磨 

  閘板(ban)、閥瓣和閥座的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)平(ping)(ping)面可使(shi)用研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)來手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)平(ping)(ping)面應(ying)平(ping)(ping)整。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)用平(ping)(ping)板(ban)分刻槽平(ping)(ping)板(ban)和光滑平(ping)(ping)板(ban)兩種，如圖(tu)4-72所示。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)工(gong)作前，先(xian)用丙酮或(huo)汽油將(jiang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的(de)(de)表(biao)面擦干(gan)凈(jing)，然后在(zai)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)上(shang)均(jun)勻、適量地涂一層研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑(ji)，把(ba)需研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)工(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面貼合在(zai)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)上(shang)即開始(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)。用手一邊(bian)旋轉一邊(bian)做直線運動(dong)，或(huo)做“8”字形運動(dong)。由于研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)運動(dong)方向的(de)(de)不斷(duan)變更，使(shi)磨(mo)(mo)粒不斷(duan)地在(zai)新的(de)(de)方向起磨(mo)(mo)削作用，故可提高(gao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)效率。圖(tu)4-73所示為閥體(ti)平(ping)(ping)面密(mi)封(feng)面的(de)(de)手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)。

  為了(le)避免研(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的磨耗不均，不要(yao)總是在(zai)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的中部研(yan)(yan)磨，應沿平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的全(quan)部表面(mian)上(shang)不斷變換部位，否則研(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)將很(hen)快(kuai)失去(qu)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)精度。

  閘(zha)(zha)板及有些閥(fa)座呈楔狀，密封(feng)平(ping)面圓周上的質量(liang)不均(jun)，厚薄(bo)不一致，容(rong)易(yi)產生偏磨現象，厚的一頭容(rong)易(yi)多磨，薄(bo)的一頭會少(shao)磨。所(suo)以，在研磨楔式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)板密封(feng)面時(shi)，應(ying)附(fu)加一個平(ping)衡力，使楔式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)板密封(feng)面均(jun)勻磨削(xue)。圖4-74所(suo)示(shi)為楔式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)板密封(feng)面的整體研磨方(fang)法。