浙江至德鋼業有限公司技術人員用壓力將經過加熱的不銹鋼彎頭推向一個后端加以固定的頂桿,該頂桿的頂頭位于由一對軋輥組成的圓孔型的中心,因此軸向的推力和徑向的軋制力同時作用在方坯上,使彎頭經過頂頭和圓孔型穿孔成為空心坯。在變形過程中只出現壓應力、基本上消除了拉伸應力、剪切應力和連續滑動現象,故穿孔后的不銹鋼彎頭的金屬組織大大改善。

如(ru)圖17-1所示(shi),經過加熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)彎(wan)頭BL經消(xiao)除(chu)氧(yang)化(hua)鐵皮(pi)和定(ding)型(xing)后(hou),被送(song)至壓力(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受料槽內,并(bing)處于(yu)液(ye)壓推(tui)鋼(gang)(gang)機(ji)(ji)AP和軋(ya)機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)架間。液(ye)力(li)推(tui)鋼(gang)(gang)機(ji)(ji)AP將經過熱定(ding)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方坯(pi)推(tui)入(ru)一個堅(jian)固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、公差很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方形(xing)(xing)入(ru)口(kou)(kou)導(dao)套(tao)IG,使方坯(pi)同(tong)時和穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)頭PP和軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)RG相遇(yu),并(bing)在(zai)(zai)整個穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)過程維持恒定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)力(li),然(ran)后(hou)即作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)在(zai)(zai)它圓形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)表面上,當(dang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)坯(pi)HB由(you)軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型(xing)中軋(ya)出(chu)(chu)時,立即進入(ru)堅(jian)固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合得很緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)中導(dao)套(tao)OG.導(dao)環(huan)(huan)CG,在(zai)(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)開(kai)始(shi)時位(wei)于(yu)頂(ding)桿(gan)PB的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)端,而(er)當(dang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)坯(pi)進入(ru)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)導(dao)套(tao)0G時,它與導(dao)環(huan)(huan)CG相遇(yu),并(bing)推(tui)動導(dao)環(huan)(huan)CG前(qian)(qian)進而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)坯(pi)本身逐漸起到定(ding)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。因(yin)此只要(yao)正確(que)地調整入(ru)口(kou)(kou)導(dao)套(tao)IG,軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)RG和出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)導(dao)套(tao)OG即可(ke)保證不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)彎(wan)頭、頂(ding)頭與頂(ding)桿(gan)三者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)線(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)同(tong)一直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)上,故壓力(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou),空(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)坯(pi)壁(bi)厚比較均勻。當(dang)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)將要(yao)結束時,液(ye)力(li)推(tui)鋼(gang)(gang)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱塞(sai)桿(gan)IP自(zi)動停(ting)止(zhi)前(qian)(qian)進,而(er)推(tui)鋼(gang)(gang)機(ji)(ji)外(wai)環(huan)(huan)繼(ji)續前(qian)(qian)進,直(zhi)(zhi)至與頂(ding)頭相遇(yu)為止(zhi),此時不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)彎(wan)頭后(hou)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)全靠徑向(xiang)軋(ya)制(zhi)力(li)來完成(cheng)。方坯(pi)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou),打開(kai)鎖門,水冷(leng)頂(ding)桿(gan)由(you)空(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)坯(pi)內抽出(chu)(chu),其動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和斜軋(ya)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)是相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

