本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏(shi)體(ti)不銹鋼及雙相(xiang)不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘(tao)汰落后的硝(xiao)酸-氫氟酸法   

  我國GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)D法(fa)——不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)試驗法(fa)最早于(yu)1984年修改采用(yong)自日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國ASTM A262的(de)(de)早期(qi)版本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)包含(han)了硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)，但在(zai)1993年以后的(de)(de)版本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)此(ci)法(fa)遭到淘汰，隨(sui)后日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)廢(fei)除了JIS G 0574，因此(ci)當前其他各(ge)國標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均無此(ci)方(fang)法(fa)。硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)具有如下特點：不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)在(zai)此(ci)試驗溶液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)電位處在(zai)活化-鈍化區(qu)，因此(ci)會伴(ban)有嚴重的(de)(de)全面(mian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)。所以，試樣必(bi)須采用(yong)參照試樣，借(jie)助(zhu)腐蝕(shi)(shi)速率比值的(de)(de)評定(ding)方(fang)法(fa)來篩除全面(mian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)干擾影響(xiang)。此(ci)外，試驗時的(de)(de)溫度為70°C而(er)不采用(yong)沸騰，控制(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)對不便；試驗溶液(ye)含(han)有劇毒的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，不能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)常規的(de)(de)玻璃(li)容器(qi)，而(er)需采用(yong)耐硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)腐蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)特制(zhi)(zhi)塑(su)料容器(qi)，這些(xie)因素都在(zai)一定(ding)程度上影響(xiang)了該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)，導致該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)幾乎(hu)從(cong)未被廣泛使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過。由于(yu)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)這些(xie)特點，這一方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)國標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)存實(shi)亡，因此(ci)更新版標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)將該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)廢(fei)除。

2. 新增兩個實驗方法使適(shi)用范圍進(jin)一(yi)步擴大   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣(yang)和(he)制備、試驗報告(gao)進行了部(bu)分調整(zheng)   

   GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內容(rong)中關于(yu)“取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)和(he)制(zhi)備”及(ji)“試(shi)驗報告(gao)”部(bu)分(fen)參考了(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，并同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進行(xing)了(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)改進，體現了(le)“先進性(xing)(xing)(xing)、科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)合理性(xing)(xing)(xing)”；本(ben)次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)(de)修訂在(zai)“取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)和(he)制(zhi)備”及(ji)“試(shi)驗報告(gao)”部(bu)分(fen)與上述兩(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)進行(xing)了(le)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)同(tong)(tong)，既保證了(le)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)先進性(xing)(xing)(xing)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)又(you)使不同(tong)(tong)類(lei)型不銹鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕試(shi)驗取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)得到了(le)統一。此外，對于(yu)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)法的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)根據(ju)GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)在(zai)實際使用(yong)過程中遇(yu)到的(de)(de)(de)問題以及(ji)多(duo)方意(yi)見增加(jia)(jia)了(le)附注，即(ji)“對于(yu)較厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)，若無(wu)法彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)兩(liang)(liang)個被(bei)(bei)檢驗面(mian)，則(ze)可取(qu)(qu)兩(liang)(liang)組各(ge)兩(liang)(liang)個試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)。取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)時(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)出各(ge)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)相同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)某(mou)一樣(yang)(yang)面(mian)。試(shi)驗后，兩(liang)(liang)組試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)分(fen)別(bie)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)被(bei)(bei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)面(mian)和(he)未(wei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)面(mian)”，增加(jia)(jia)了(le)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)實用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。 

4. 對敏化制(zhi)度進(jin)行了部分調整   

   早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)為(wei)美、俄兩個(ge)體系標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，其敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均為(wei) 2h，20世紀(ji)70年(nian)代后均改(gai)為(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)2h偏長(chang)。根據(ju)合(he)(he)肥通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機械研(yan)究(jiu)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)分析(xi)，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)板(ban)，正常焊條電弧焊試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)約不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)鋼(gang)板(ban)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)650°C保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參(can)數最早(zao)也(ye)源自日(ri)(ri)本(ben)JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但日(ri)(ri)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂版(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行(xing)了(le)等同(tong)，從而(er)將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)大(da)縮短(duan)了(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低碳和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作出(chu)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后，都另(ling)外說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“根據(ju)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)議，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而(er)在(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，卻沒有(you)關于(yu)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款。到(dao)了(le)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，則(ze)把所有(you)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)超(chao)低碳鋼(gang)（碳含(han)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)種(zhong)（添加(jia)鈦或(huo)鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)650℃，壓力(li)加(jia)工試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件(jian)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空冷(leng)。”而(er)無(wu)供(gong)(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)條款。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，從各(ge)工業企業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來看，普(pu)遍認(ren)為(wei)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)于(yu)死板(ban)，導致(zhi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)任何(he)調整(zheng)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。而(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)牌號(hao)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)合(he)(he)金含(han)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)，其第二(er)相(xiang)析(xi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)有(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)，美國(guo)ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍為(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)允許供(gong)(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及隨后冷(leng)卻方(fang)(fang)式，ISO及日(ri)(ri)本(ben)JIS標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格限(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯地違背了(le)科學(xue)性原則(ze)。 可(ke)以(yi)(yi)看到(dao)： (1) ASTM A262僅(jin)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)冷(leng)卻方(fang)(fang)式不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，但是(shi)推(tui)薦(jian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji) 675°C，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)兩種(zhong)供(gong)(gong)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及冷(leng)卻方(fang)(fang)式均做出(chu)了(le)明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦(jian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但特(te)別(bie)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“經供(gong)(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)執行(xing)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)“650°C，壓力(li)加(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件(jian)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空冷(leng)”。 此(ci)外，美國(guo)ASTM A262在(zai)銅-硫(liu)酸(suan)銅-16%硫(liu)酸(suan)法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，特(te)別(bie)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)除非(fei)需方(fang)(fang)特(te)別(bie)聲明(ming)(ming)(ming)，否(fou)則(ze)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)替代本(ben)法(fa)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這(zhe)表明(ming)(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也(ye)是(shi)認(ren)可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci)，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更新版(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再作強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，考慮(lv)到(dao)國(guo)內長(chang)期以(yi)(yi)來一(yi)(yi)些設計選(xuan)材(cai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)性要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)維(wei)持(chi)推(tui)薦(jian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)雙(shuang)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)，已有(you)大(da)量試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和(he)研(yan)究(jiu)表明(ming)(ming)(ming)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造成試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)開裂，從而(er)增(zeng)加(jia)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作量，因(yin)此(ci)我們(men)推(tui)薦(jian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍更加(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)其他不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)，則(ze)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣是(shi)否(fou)需要(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)采(cai)(cai)取何(he)種(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產品標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或(huo)供(gong)(gong)需雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝酸法所(suo)用硝酸濃度(du)添加注釋(shi)說(shuo)明   

   此前研(yan)究表明，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)濃度(du)(du)(du)對試驗結果(guo)影(ying)響較大。對于硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，老版(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有專門說(shuo)明。如果(guo)按要(yao)求配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確實比(bi)較困(kun)(kun)難，需要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)滴(di)定來(lai)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對于企業來(lai)說(shuo)存在(zai)困(kun)(kun)難。更新版(ban)(ban)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)將在(zai)文(wen)末添(tian)加(jia)“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表示可(ke)以采用(yong)比(bi)重法(fa)(fa)間接測定所(suo)配(pei)溶液濃度(du)(du)(du)是否符合(he)要(yao)求。 此外，從該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶液配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況看，有些(xie)企業和(he)單位會參照美國(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM A262中的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)（比(bi)率為每升濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)添(tian)加(jia)108mL水(shui)）配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但這(zhe)在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情下是不(bu)可(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)。美標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)本(ben)(ben)(ben)身(shen)沒有問(wen)題(ti)，問(wen)題(ti)在(zai)于所(suo)用(yong)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)并不(bu)相同(tong)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)際標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)ISO和(he)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中對于濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)定是69%~71%;而我國(guo)(guo)(guo)GB/T 626中對于濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)定為65%~68%。即所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初始濃度(du)(du)(du)就不(bu)一致，如果(guo)使用(yong)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)符合(he)GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)去按照美國(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM A626中的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)配(pei)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)濃度(du)(du)(du)將明顯(xian)低于65%。遂在(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更新版(ban)(ban)中添(tian)加(jia)一了段注釋：“本(ben)(ben)(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)所(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)（質(zhi)量分數65%~68%），與美國(guo)(guo)(guo)ASTM A262所(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)（質(zhi)量分數69%~71%）不(bu)同(tong)，不(bu)能(neng)采用(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)規(gui)定硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式來(lai)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)溶液。”

6. 對彎曲法的參數進行了(le)修(xiu)改   

   GB/T 4334自(zi)從(cong)第一(yi)版(ban)以來，就(jiu)有行(xing)(xing)業專家認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)相比國外過于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)(ke)，導(dao)致對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定如下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)接件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)接接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)熔(rong)合(he)線進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)規(gui)定最(zui)早沿(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識是壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)影響較小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而(er)(er)統一(yi)成兩個(ge)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而(er)(er)，近(jin)年來無論是理(li)論計算(suan)還是實(shi)(shi)際實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)都表明(ming)(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)有很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較厚(hou)(hou)且本(ben)身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)往往會出現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較差(cha)而(er)(er)導(dao)致開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，從(cong)而(er)(er)增加了大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)相檢(jian)測工(gong)作。例(li)如大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研究表明(ming)(ming)，焊(han)(han)(han)接接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)身較差(cha)，即使不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)經(jing)(jing)晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多材料稍厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也(ye)會由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變(bian)形(xing)超過其(qi)(qi)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)導(dao)致開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類(lei)低(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料，ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特(te)意聲明(ming)(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)(er)是通(tong)過未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來獲得該材料不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，并以此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)來評定試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是否產(chan)生(sheng)晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加工(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)外，我國鎳(nie)基合(he)金(jin)晶(jing)間腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定是，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)同時，也(ye)特(te)別說明(ming)(ming)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料，應通(tong)過彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)個(ge)與(yu)(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相同材質(zhi)及(ji)形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決(jue)定不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)”，這與(yu)(yu)ASTM A262是相似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有行(xing)(xing)業專家認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和合(he)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)并非嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)(ke)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)(dang)前(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)苛(ke)(ke)，導(dao)致了使用(yong)(yong)(yong)該標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)E往往增加了很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期(qi)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)作量(liang)，方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)降(jiang)低(di)，遠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)滿足當(dang)(dang)前(qian)工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，結(jie)合(he)眾多專家意見及(ji)文(wen)獻(xian)，參(can)(can)考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以及(ji)我國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)數(shu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)更改非常有必(bi)要。 本(ben)次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改參(can)(can)照(zhao)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經(jing)(jing)修改后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)接件(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)舟形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)接接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)熔(rong)合(he)線進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)個(ge)未經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)開裂(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，以此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，保留了壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)接件(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)定彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)由(you)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要是考慮到焊(han)(han)(han)接件(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較差(cha)，當(dang)(dang)前(qian)工(gong)業上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)接試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也(ye)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)(qiu)兼容了此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)前(qian)版(ban)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)外，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了特(te)別說明(ming)(ming)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)次變(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)接件(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)”，這與(yu)(yu)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等同。相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個(ge)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原來5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定下對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)加工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)言適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)接件(jian)(jian)(jian)等低(di)塑(su)(su)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)則適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對(dui)標準名稱進行了變更(geng)   

   近年來，由于鐵(tie)素體(ti)不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。