本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘汰落后的(de)硝酸-氫(qing)氟酸法(fa)   

  我國GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)的(de)(de)D法(fa)(fa)——不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)試驗(yan)(yan)法(fa)(fa)最早于1984年(nian)修(xiu)改采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國ASTM A262的(de)(de)早期版本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)也包(bao)含了(le)(le)硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)，但在(zai)1993年(nian)以后的(de)(de)版本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)此法(fa)(fa)遭到淘(tao)汰，隨后日(ri)本(ben)(ben)也廢除(chu)了(le)(le)JIS G 0574，因此當(dang)前其他各(ge)國標(biao)準中(zhong)均(jun)無此方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)具(ju)有如(ru)下特點(dian)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼在(zai)此試驗(yan)(yan)溶液中(zhong)的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)電位處在(zai)活化(hua)-鈍化(hua)區，因此會伴有嚴重的(de)(de)全面(mian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)。所以，試樣必須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)參照試樣，借助(zhu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)速率比值的(de)(de)評定方(fang)法(fa)(fa)來篩除(chu)全面(mian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)干擾(rao)影響。此外，試驗(yan)(yan)時的(de)(de)溫度(du)為70°C而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)沸騰，控制相(xiang)對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)便；試驗(yan)(yan)溶液含有劇毒的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能使用(yong)(yong)(yong)常(chang)規的(de)(de)玻璃容器(qi)，而(er)需采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)耐硝酸(suan)和氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)特制塑(su)料容器(qi)，這些因素都在(zai)一定程度(du)上(shang)影響了(le)(le)該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，導致該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)幾乎(hu)從未被廣泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)過(guo)。由于硝酸(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)這些特點(dian)，這一方(fang)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)國標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)名存(cun)實(shi)亡，因此更新版標(biao)準將該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)廢除(chu)。

2. 新增(zeng)兩個(ge)實驗(yan)方法(fa)使適(shi)用范(fan)圍進一步擴大(da)   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼、316不銹鋼(gang)等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣和制(zhi)備、試驗報告進(jin)行了部分調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及GB/T 32571-2016內容(rong)中(zhong)關于(yu)“取(qu)樣和(he)制備”及“試(shi)驗(yan)報告(gao)”部分參考了(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，并(bing)同時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)很好的(de)改進(jin)(jin)，體現了(le)(le)“先進(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)、科(ke)學性(xing)(xing)和(he)合理性(xing)(xing)”；本(ben)次(ci)GB/T 4334的(de)修訂在“取(qu)樣和(he)制備”及“試(shi)驗(yan)報告(gao)”部分與上述(shu)兩(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)等同，既保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)(le)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)先進(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)，同時又使(shi)不同類型(xing)不銹鋼的(de)晶間腐蝕試(shi)驗(yan)取(qu)樣標(biao)(biao)(biao)準得到了(le)(le)統(tong)一。此外(wai)，對于(yu)彎(wan)曲法的(de)取(qu)樣根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準在實際(ji)使(shi)用過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)遇到的(de)問題以及多方(fang)意見增(zeng)加了(le)(le)附注，即(ji)“對于(yu)較厚的(de)試(shi)樣，若(ruo)無(wu)法彎(wan)曲兩(liang)個被檢(jian)驗(yan)面，則可取(qu)兩(liang)組各兩(liang)個試(shi)樣。取(qu)樣時標(biao)(biao)(biao)記出各試(shi)樣相同的(de)某(mou)一樣面。試(shi)驗(yan)后(hou)，兩(liang)組試(shi)樣分別(bie)彎(wan)曲被標(biao)(biao)(biao)記面和(he)未標(biao)(biao)(biao)記面”，增(zeng)加了(le)(le)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)實用性(xing)(xing)和(he)可操作性(xing)(xing)。 

4. 對敏化制度進(jin)行了部分調整(zheng)   

   早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)驗標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)為(wei)美(mei)、俄(e)兩個(ge)體系(xi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，其敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均(jun)為(wei) 2h，20世(shi)紀70年(nian)代(dai)后均(jun)改為(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)2h偏長。根據合肥通用(yong)(yong)機械研究(jiu)(jiu)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)驗分析，8mm左右厚度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)，正常(chang)焊(han)(han)條電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)試(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)大(da)(da)約(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超過鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)試(shi)樣(yang)經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)。所以一(yi)(yi)(yi)般認為(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)650°C保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較嚴(yan)苛(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該(gai)參數最早也(ye)源自日本JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但(dan)日標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修訂版中(zhong)(zhong)就將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)與(yu)ISO進行了(le)(le)等同(tong)(tong)，從(cong)而(er)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮(suo)短(duan)了(le)(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)低碳和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)作出規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后，都(dou)另外說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“根據雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)議，也(ye)可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)其他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)”，而(er)在(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)(zhong)，卻(que)沒有(you)關于(yu)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款(kuan)。到(dao)了(le)(le)GB/T 4334-2008版中(zhong)(zhong)，則(ze)把所有(you)方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)“對(dui)(dui)超低碳鋼(gang)（碳含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)種（添加(jia)鈦或(huo)鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)為(wei)650℃，壓(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)試(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷(leng)。”而(er)無(wu)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)條款(kuan)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，從(cong)各工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來看，普遍認為(wei)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過于(yu)死板(ban)(ban)，導(dao)致(zhi)試(shi)驗敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)沒有(you)任何(he)調(diao)整(zheng)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)。而(er)實際上，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)牌號、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)合金含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)，其第二相(xiang)(xiang)析出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)是(shi)有(you)差(cha)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)顯然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)合理(li)(li)(li)，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍為(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)也(ye)允(yun)許(xu)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及隨后冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式(shi)，ISO及日本JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)也(ye)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。可(ke)以說(shuo)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)嚴(yan)格(ge)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯地(di)違背了(le)(le)科學性(xing)原則(ze)。 可(ke)以看到(dao)： (1) ASTM A262僅強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，但(dan)是(shi)推(tui)薦(jian)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，即(ji) 675°C，保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)兩種供(gong)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式(shi)均(jun)做出了(le)(le)明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦(jian)采用(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，但(dan)特別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“經供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)，可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)其他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)執行一(yi)(yi)(yi)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，即(ji)“650°C，壓(ya)力加(jia)試(shi)樣(yang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)冷(leng)”。 此外，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)銅-硫酸(suan)銅-16%硫酸(suan)法中(zhong)(zhong)，特別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)除非(fei)需(xu)(xu)方(fang)特別聲明(ming)(ming)(ming)，否則(ze)可(ke)以使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法替(ti)代(dai)本法，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，這表(biao)明(ming)(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也(ye)是(shi)認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，針對(dui)(dui)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更新版不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再作強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，考慮到(dao)國(guo)(guo)內長期以來一(yi)(yi)(yi)些設計(ji)選(xuan)材對(dui)(dui)于(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續性(xing)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)奧氏體不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)維持推(tui)薦(jian)采用(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)，已(yi)有(you)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)驗和(he)研究(jiu)(jiu)表(biao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造成試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)晶(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕開裂(lie)，從(cong)而(er)增加(jia)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)作量(liang)(liang)，因此我們推(tui)薦(jian)采用(yong)(yong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍更加(jia)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)其他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)，則(ze)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)樣(yang)是(shi)否需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)采取(qu)何(he)種敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，由產(chan)品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或(huo)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對(dui)65%硝酸法所用(yong)硝酸濃度添加注釋(shi)說明   

   此前(qian)研(yan)究表明(ming)，硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度對(dui)(dui)試驗結果(guo)影(ying)響較大。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，老版(ban)標(biao)準(zhun)有專門(men)說明(ming)。如果(guo)按要(yao)求配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)65%±0.2%確實比較困難(nan)，需要(yao)通過(guo)(guo)滴定來配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)企業(ye)來說存在(zai)困難(nan)。更(geng)(geng)新版(ban)標(biao)準(zhun)將在(zai)文末添加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以(yi)表示可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)比重法(fa)間接測(ce)定所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)配(pei)(pei)(pei)溶(rong)(rong)液濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度是(shi)(shi)否符合要(yao)求。 此外，從該方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)液配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)程反饋的(de)(de)(de)情況看(kan)，有些企業(ye)和(he)單位(wei)會參照美國(guo)ASTM A262中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)（比率為每升濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)添加108mL水）配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但這在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)情下(xia)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)可(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)。美標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)本(ben)(ben)身沒有問題，問題在(zai)于(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度并不(bu)相同。國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)ISO和(he)美國(guo)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度規(gui)定是(shi)(shi)69%~71%;而我(wo)國(guo)GB/T 626中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度規(gui)定為65%~68%。即所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)始濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度就不(bu)一致，如果(guo)使用(yong)(yong)我(wo)國(guo)生產的(de)(de)(de)符合GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)去按照美國(guo)ASTM A626中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)配(pei)(pei)(pei)出的(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度將明(ming)顯低于(yu)65%。遂在(zai)標(biao)準(zhun)更(geng)(geng)新版(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)添加一了(le)段注釋(shi)：“本(ben)(ben)標(biao)準(zhun)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分(fen)數65%~68%），與美國(guo)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分(fen)數69%~71%）不(bu)同，不(bu)能采用(yong)(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)規(gui)定硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式來配(pei)(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)標(biao)準(zhun)用(yong)(yong)65%硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液。”

6. 對彎曲法的參數進行(xing)了修改   

   GB/T 4334自從第一(yi)(yi)版以(yi)來(lai)，就有行(xing)(xing)業專(zhuan)家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其中(zhong)銅(tong)-硫(liu)酸銅(tong)-16%硫(liu)酸法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)比國外(wai)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議(yi)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)如下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加工件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)管(guan)舟(zhou)形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)(he)(he)線(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)，當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)最(zui)早沿用(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)影響較(jiao)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而(er)(er)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)成兩(liang)個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)。 然而(er)(er)，近年(nian)來(lai)無論是(shi)理論計算還是(shi)實(shi)際(ji)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)都表明(ming)(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)有很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。尤其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)厚(hou)且本(ben)身(shen)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)往(wang)往(wang)會出現(xian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)而(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從而(er)(er)增加了(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相(xiang)(xiang)檢測工作(zuo)(zuo)。例如大(da)(da)量(liang)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)研究表明(ming)(ming)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)本(ben)身(shen)較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)，即使不(bu)(bu)(bu)經(jing)晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，許(xu)多材(cai)(cai)料稍厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也(ye)會由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變形(xing)超過(guo)其塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)裂。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)類(lei)低(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料，ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)特意聲明(ming)(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而(er)(er)是(shi)通過(guo)未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)獲得該(gai)材(cai)(cai)料不(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以(yi)此角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)評定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產(chan)生(sheng)晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕開(kai)裂。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加工試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)，鑄件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此外(wai)，我(wo)(wo)國鎳基(ji)合(he)(he)(he)金晶(jing)(jing)間腐(fu)(fu)蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)，也(ye)特別說明(ming)(ming)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料，應通過(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)個與(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)材(cai)(cai)質及(ji)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決(jue)定(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有行(xing)(xing)業專(zhuan)家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學性(xing)(xing)和(he)合(he)(he)(he)理性(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)并非嚴(yan)苛性(xing)(xing)。當(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)使用(yong)(yong)該(gai)標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)方(fang)法E往(wang)往(wang)增加了(le)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)期檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)，方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)也(ye)因(yin)此大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低(di)，遠不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)滿足當(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)工程實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。因(yin)此，結合(he)(he)(he)眾多專(zhuan)家意見及(ji)文獻(xian)，參考(kao)ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)及(ji)我(wo)(wo)國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)參數(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)更改(gai)非常(chang)有必要(yao)(yao)。 本(ben)次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改(gai)參照ISO標(biao)準(zhun)，經(jing)修改(gai)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加工件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)管(guan)舟(zhou)形(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)縫方(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)沿熔合(he)(he)(he)線(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)其不(bu)(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)開(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)此作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，保留了(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加工件(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)(you)原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)考(kao)慮到焊(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)本(ben)身(shen)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)，當(dang)(dang)前(qian)(qian)工業上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)接(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)兼容了(le)此前(qian)(qian)版本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。 此外(wai)，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)特別說明(ming)(ming)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)，此次變更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加工件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄鋼(gang)件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)焊(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)(bei)”，這(zhe)與(yu)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)等同(tong)。相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)需要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原(yuan)來(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)下對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)加工件(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)言適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)等低(di)塑(su)(su)工件(jian)(jian)則(ze)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準名(ming)稱進行了變更   

   近年來，由于鐵素體不銹鋼(gang)的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。