國內外不銹鋼標準都規定了鋼材熱處理后的室溫力學性能。由于化學成分、熱處理制度、取樣方法和試驗方法等存在差異,所以各標準規定的力學性能指標也是有差異的。但是在化學成分和試樣處理基本相同的情況下,性能指標還是大體相同的。
從各標準(zhun)看,我國標準(zhun)和(he)(he)日本(ben)標準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的力學性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)本(ben)體(ti)或試樣(yang)毛(mao)坯熱處理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。實(shi)際上我國的不銹鋼(gang)(gang)棒材(cai)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)用試樣(yang)毛(mao)坯熱處理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)測定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。而ISO、EN和(he)(he)DIN、BS等標準(zhun)以及ASTM大部分(fen)標準(zhun),規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)熱處理(li)(li)本(ben)體(ti)的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)熱處理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)直接在材(cai)上取樣(yang)進(jin)行(xing)檢驗,只有沉(chen)淀(dian)硬化(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)的時效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)馬(ma)氏體(ti)鋼(gang)(gang)的淬火回火性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)用試驗毛(mao)坯熱處理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)檢驗。另外(wai),EN標準(zhun)還(huan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了各類鋼(gang)(gang)在高溫(100~550℃)下的Rp0.2的值。
關于(yu)拉伸試(shi)(shi)驗用(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準規定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)定(ding)標(biao)(biao)(biao)距長度(du),一般規定(ding)Lo=50mm(2in.),ISO、EN、DIN等標(biao)(biao)(biao)準規定(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),一般常用(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65?So短(duan)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),但厚度(du)小于(yu)3mm的板帶(dai)材采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)Lo=80mm;JIS標(biao)(biao)(biao)準采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)短(duan)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)或Lo=50mm試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang);我國(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65/So短(duan)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang),個別標(biao)(biao)(biao)準如鋼絲、外科植入(ru)物用(yong)(yong)(yong)不銹鋼材,則采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了與(yu)國(guo)外標(biao)(biao)(biao)準相同標(biao)(biao)(biao)距長度(du)的試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)。
關于硬度試驗(yan),ISO、EN、DIN等(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定除奧氏(shi)體鋼外(wai),一般(ban)都(dou)做硬度試驗(yan),ASTM、JIS和我國標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)都(dou)規定有硬度試驗(yan),其中JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定測定指標(biao)(biao)最(zui)多,包括HB、HV、HRB等(deng)(deng),我國標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)也采用了JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的規定。
ASTM鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(帶)標準,各(ge)標準不同,對奧氏(shi)體或(huo)鐵(tie)素體、馬(ma)氏(shi)體等各(ge)鋼(gang)類板(ban)(ban)、帶規定(ding)了(le)冷(leng)彎(wan)試驗,JIS和我國標準對馬(ma)氏(shi)體和鐵(tie)素體鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(帶)規定(ding)了(le)冷(leng)彎(wan)試驗。

