不銹鋼(gang)管立式穿孔機具有各種(zhong)不同的結構，采用何種(zhong)結構取決于(yu)其不同的用途。
若用于實心坯(pi)料(liao)穿孔的穿孔機，通常具有(you)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在同(tong)一(yi)導向裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置上(shang)的兩個(ge)活(huo)動(dong)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)，其中(zhong)一(yi)個(ge)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)鐓粗(cu)坯(pi)料(liao)用的鐓粗(cu)桿(gan)(gan)，也稱(cheng)為(wei)鐓粗(cu)梁(liang)(liang)；另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)活(huo)動(dong)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)穿孔桿(gan)(gan)，即稱(cheng)穿孔梁(liang)(liang)。兩個(ge)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)可(ke)以同(tong)時或(huo)者單獨地工作或(huo)移動(dong)。
若采(cai)用擴(kuo)孔工藝時，沒有鐓粗(cu)工序(xu)，則可以簡化穿(chuan)孔機的(de)結構，兩個(ge)動梁并為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)，僅作為(wei)擴(kuo)孔頭(tou)在穿(chuan)孔筒中(zhong)的(de)對中(zhong)，即具有短行程的(de)附(fu)加動梁。
一般最為常用的不銹鋼管穿孔機用于分別完成穿孔和擴孔兩個工序。
穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)按其結(jie)構形(xing)式可以分為(wei)三(san)類：有一(yi)個固(gu)定穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)；有一(yi)個移動穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)和具有多工位(wei)的(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)或移動穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)座的(de)(de)多穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)形(xing)式的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)。日本的(de)(de)神戶制鋼(gang)還安(an)裝了有3個穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)多穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)結(jie)構的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)。
表(biao)8-23為穿(chuan)孔機(ji)的能(neng)力與擠壓機(ji)能(neng)力的匹配(pei)情況，表(biao)8-24為國外部分(fen)立式(shi)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)的主要技術(shu)性能(neng)。
圖8-27所(suo)示為立式單筒固定式穿(chuan)孔機的結(jie)構(gou)示意(yi)圖，此種穿(chuan)孔機設備(bei)高度高，裝出料間隙(xi)時間長，被(bei)認為是一種陳(chen)舊的結(jie)構(gou)。
近(jin)代也有采(cai)用(yong)4工位雙穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)移動(dong)式或旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)式立(li)(li)式穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)結構（圖8-28)。這種結構的(de)立(li)(li)式穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)，采(cai)用(yong)2個穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)交替(ti)作業，裝出料和(he)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)內襯(chen)的(de)清理都在(zai)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)中心線之外進行。因此(ci)，不僅使穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)高度降低，同時降低了(le)廠房設施的(de)高度，而且也提高了(le)設備(bei)的(de)使用(yong)效率。但是(shi)，隨(sui)之穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)快速和(he)精確定位及固定比較困難，搞得不好會影(ying)響穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)后空心坯壁厚的(de)精度。
雙穿孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)結構的(de)穿孔(kong)(kong)機，穿孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)具有4個(ge)工位，在這些工位上依次完(wan)成以(yi)下工序：把穿孔(kong)(kong)坯(pi)料(liao)裝(zhuang)入穿孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)，進行坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)鐓(dui)粗和穿孔(kong)(kong)，從穿孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)中頂出空(kong)心坯(pi)，進行穿孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)內襯的(de)清(qing)理。
美(mei)國 Lone Star鋼廠55MN（5500t)臥式(shi)(shi)鋼管擠壓機(ji)相配(pei)套的25MN(2500t)立式(shi)(shi)穿孔機(ji)的主(zhu)要性能如下：
穿(chuan)孔機配置有自動控制系(xi)統，可用于：（1)管坯的(de)鐓(dui)粗和穿(chuan)孔；（2)帶預(yu)鉆孔和錐(zhui)形輔助(zhu)孔坯料的(de)擴孔。
