不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管(guan)立式穿(chuan)孔機具有(you)各種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)結構(gou)，采(cai)用何種結構(gou)取決于其不(bu)同(tong)的(de)用途。
若用于(yu)實(shi)心坯料穿孔(kong)的穿孔(kong)機，通常(chang)具有(you)安(an)裝在同(tong)一導向裝置上(shang)(shang)的兩個活動橫梁(liang)，其(qi)中一個橫梁(liang)安(an)裝有(you)鐓(dui)粗(cu)坯料用的鐓(dui)粗(cu)桿，也稱(cheng)(cheng)為鐓(dui)粗(cu)梁(liang)；另一個活動橫梁(liang)上(shang)(shang)安(an)裝有(you)穿孔(kong)桿，即(ji)稱(cheng)(cheng)穿孔(kong)梁(liang)。兩個橫梁(liang)可(ke)以同(tong)時或者單獨(du)地工(gong)作(zuo)或移動。
若采用擴孔(kong)工(gong)藝時，沒(mei)有(you)鐓粗(cu)工(gong)序，則(ze)可以簡化穿孔(kong)機的(de)結構，兩個動梁并為一(yi)個，僅作(zuo)為擴孔(kong)頭在穿孔(kong)筒中的(de)對中，即具(ju)有(you)短行程的(de)附(fu)加動梁。
一般最為常用的不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)穿孔機用于分別完成穿孔和擴孔兩個工序。
穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)按其結構(gou)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)可以分(fen)為(wei)三類(lei)：有一個(ge)(ge)固定穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒的穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)；有一個(ge)(ge)移動穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒的穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)和(he)具有多(duo)工位的旋轉或移動穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒座的多(duo)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)。日本的神戶制鋼(gang)還(huan)安裝了有3個(ge)(ge)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒的多(duo)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒結構(gou)的穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)。
表8-23為穿孔機(ji)的(de)能力與擠壓機(ji)能力的(de)匹配情況，表8-24為國外部分(fen)立式穿孔機(ji)的(de)主要技術性能。
圖8-27所(suo)示為(wei)立式(shi)單筒固定式(shi)穿孔機的(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou)示意(yi)圖，此(ci)種(zhong)穿孔機設備(bei)高度高，裝出料間(jian)隙時間(jian)長，被認為(wei)是一種(zhong)陳舊(jiu)的(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou)。
近(jin)代也有采(cai)用(yong)(yong)4工位(wei)(wei)雙穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)移(yi)動式或(huo)旋(xuan)轉式立式穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)結(jie)構（圖8-28)。這種(zhong)結(jie)構的(de)(de)立式穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)2個穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)交替(ti)作(zuo)業(ye)，裝出(chu)料和穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)內襯的(de)(de)清理都在穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)中心(xin)線(xian)之外進行。因此(ci)，不僅使穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)降(jiang)低，同時降(jiang)低了(le)廠房設(she)施的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)，而且也提高(gao)了(le)設(she)備的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)。但是，隨(sui)之穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速和精(jing)確(que)定位(wei)(wei)及固定比較困難，搞得不好會(hui)影響穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)后空(kong)心(xin)坯壁厚的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)。
雙(shuang)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒結構(gou)的穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機，穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒具有(you)4個工位，在(zai)這些工位上依(yi)次完成以下(xia)工序：把穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)坯(pi)料裝(zhuang)入穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒，進行坯(pi)料的鐓粗和穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)，從穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒中頂出空(kong)心(xin)坯(pi)，進行穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒內襯的清理。
美(mei)國 Lone Star鋼廠55MN（5500t)臥式(shi)鋼管擠壓(ya)機相(xiang)配套的25MN(2500t)立式(shi)穿孔機的主要性能(neng)如(ru)下(xia)：
穿孔(kong)(kong)機配(pei)置有自動控制(zhi)系統，可用于：（1)管坯(pi)的鐓粗和穿孔(kong)(kong)；（2)帶預鉆孔(kong)(kong)和錐形輔助孔(kong)(kong)坯(pi)料的擴孔(kong)(kong)。
