現代(dai)的(de)立式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機上(shang)一般都(dou)配備完成以下(xia)動作的(de)輔助機械(xie)：（1)在加(jia)熱(re)好坯料的(de)內(nei)外表(biao)面上(shang)涂(tu)敷玻璃潤滑劑；（2)將內(nei)外表(biao)面經潤滑的(de)坯料從潤滑臺送至穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)方的(de)位置(zhi)；（3)將坯料及剪(jian)切(qie)環送入穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)并封(feng)閉穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)下(xia)方；（4)將玻璃潤滑劑施(shi)加(jia)到穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)坯料的(de)上(shang)端面和中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)；（5)冷卻鐓(dui)粗(cu)桿(gan)、鐓(dui)粗(cu)頭(tou)；（6)清(qing)理(li)、更(geng)(geng)換(huan)穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭(tou)；（7)從穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)頂出空(kong)心(xin)坯和剪(jian)切(qie)環；（8)冷卻、清(qing)理(li)、更(geng)(geng)換(huan)剪(jian)切(qie)環；（9)冷卻、清(qing)理(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴）孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)襯；（10)接(jie)受空(kong)心(xin)坯料，并將其傳送到輸出輥道(dao)上(shang)。
以上列(lie)舉(ju)的(de)(de)機(ji)械和裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按照自動化程序依次(ci)工(gong)作，其結構和布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取決（擴）孔坯料的(de)(de)質量和尺寸、穿(chuan)孔機(ji)的(de)(de)結構形式、穿(chuan)孔筒的(de)(de)工(gong)位設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及其工(gong)位數量。
德國制造的10MN（1000t)立式(shi)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)的有關(guan)參(can)數如(ru)下：
穿孔(kong)余料(liao)應(ying)留的高度由可(ke)能得(de)到的穿孔(kong)力的大小而定。
在(zai)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)余料高(gao)度等于穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭(tou)直徑的一半(ban)以前(qian)，穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)過(guo)程為等穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)力(li)進行。當確(que)定了(le)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)最大(da)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭(tou)時的穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)力(li)而不考慮其增長，則在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)最大(da)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭(tou)時的穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)余料高(gao)度為穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭(tou)直徑之(zhi)半(ban)。
實(shi)際上，穿(chuan)孔余料高度的確定尚須考慮到穿(chuan)孔頭(tou)邊角半徑的大小(xiao)，以(yi)及其材料流動(dong)錐體的影響。
4. 穿孔(kong)余料的(de)剪(jian)切力(li)與支承(cheng)缸的(de)封(feng)底(di)推力(li)
按(an)照剪應力理論：σ1-σ3 = 2Tmax,則穿(chuan)孔余料剪切力為： Tmax=(σ1-σ3)/2 τ=0.5Kf
所采用的Kf相當于無損失鐓壓過程時的數值，但鋼坯下部和穿孔筒底部接觸，約有50~80℃的溫度損失，對于不同的材料在不同溫度下的Kf值見表8-26。
5. 支承缸(gang)的封底推力(li)
穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒的(de)(de)封底荷載，即單位壓力，相(xiang)當于分布在底部面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)力，封底支承桿的(de)(de)直徑(jing)(jing)和穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭直徑(jing)(jing)相(xiang)等。封底支承桿的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)（或穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)頭的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)），占穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)比值見表8-27.
可(ke)見，當穿孔(kong)余(yu)料(liao)的高(gao)度(du)不低于穿孔(kong)頭直徑之半(ban)時(shi)，封底推(tui)力能達到穿孔(kong)力的50%就(jiu)足夠了(le)。為了(le)充分利(li)用(yong)穿孔(kong)力，并盡(jin)量(liang)減小穿孔(kong)余(yu)料(liao)的厚度(du)，則作(zuo)用(yong)于封底支承桿上的穿孔(kong)力的分量(liang)要(yao)增(zeng)(zeng)加，最(zui)大可(ke)以增(zeng)(zeng)加到等(deng)于穿孔(kong)力。
6. 31.5MN（3150t)擠壓車間(jian)10MN(1000t)立式穿孔機(ji)設備性(xing)能：
