1. 桶形輥穿孔(kong)機

  桶形(xing)二輥穿(chuan)孔(kong)機是根(gen)據(ju)孔(kong)腔(qiang)形(xing)成原(yuan)理，利用旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)橫鍛效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)穿(chuan)孔(kong)。正(zheng)是這種(zhong)孔(kong)腔(qiang)現象造成了(le)鋼管(guan)(guan)內表(biao)面的缺陷(xian)，旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)橫鍛效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)又(you)使毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)有(you)較大的周(zhou)向切應(ying)(ying)力和(he)表(biao)面扭轉(zhuan)變形(xing)，因(yin)此，桶式穿(chuan)孔(kong)機很(hen)難(nan)滿足穿(chuan)軋(ya)高合(he)金鋼的要求。

2. 錐形輥(gun)穿(chuan)孔機

  錐形(xing)輥(gun)(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)采用較大的(de)輾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)角(jiao)(jiao)和(he)送(song)(song)進角(jiao)(jiao)進行斜(xie)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)，同時又極力控制旋轉橫鍛效(xiao)應的(de)產生及控制毛管的(de)周(zhou)向切應力與表面扭轉變形(xing)。因此，錐形(xing)輥(gun)(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可以實現與擠壓機(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)近的(de)金(jin)屬流動。從(cong)工(gong)藝(yi)參數方(fang)面講(jiang)，錐形(xing)輥(gun)(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)基(ji)本要點是(shi)兩(liang)個角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)值的(de)問(wen)題即(ji)輾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)角(jiao)(jiao)和(he)送(song)(song)進角(jiao)(jiao)。前者對(dui)一(yi)(yi)個機(ji)(ji)(ji)組來(lai)講(jiang)是(shi)定值，后者根(gen)據設(she)計(ji)可調整，若錐形(xing)輥(gun)(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)采取(qu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)水平布(bu)置方(fang)式，故可采用更大的(de)輾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)角(jiao)(jiao)β（27.6°）和(he)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較小的(de)送(song)(song)進角(jiao)(jiao)α(6°~12°)，若這種(zhong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)為(wei)(wei)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)上下(xia)(xia)布(bu)置時，這樣大的(de)輾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)角(jiao)(jiao)顯然不(bu)行，而(er)且(qie)從(cong)工(gong)藝(yi)上講(jiang)，一(yi)(yi)般以β+α=25°~30°作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)判定值，故曼(man)內斯(si)曼(man)鋼管公司(si)在后來(lai)的(de)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)，隨著(zhu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)上下(xia)(xia)布(bu)置形(xing)式的(de)進一(yi)(yi)步發展(zhan)，將β角(jiao)(jiao)降為(wei)(wei)10°~15°。輾軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)角(jiao)(jiao)和(he)可調的(de)送(song)(song)進角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)配合，對(dui)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)過程中(zhong)所發生的(de)切向變形(xing)確實產生相(xiang)(xiang)當大的(de)影響。